Search results for "adipocyte"

Differential Effects of Exercise on Tibial Shaft Marrow Density in Young Female Athletes

2013

Increased mechanical loading can promote the preferential differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to osteoblastogenesis, but it is not known whether long-term bone strength-enhancing exercise in humans can reduce marrow adiposity.Our objective was to examine whether bone marrow density (MaD), as an estimate of marrow adiposity 1) differs between young female athletes with contrasting loading histories and bone strengths and 2) is an independent predictor of bone strength at the weight-bearing tibia.Mid-tibial MaD, cortical area (CoA), total area, medullary area, strength strain index (SSI), and cortical volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) (total, endocortical, midcortical, …

The corticotrophin-releasing factor/urocortin system regulates white fat browning in mice through paracrine mechanisms.

2015

Objectives:\ud The corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF)/urocortin system is expressed in the adipose tissue of mammals, but its functional role in this tissue remains unknown.\ud \ud Methods:\ud Pharmacological manipulation of the activity of CRF receptors, CRF1 and CRF2, was performed in 3T3L1 white pre-adipocytes and T37i brown pre-adipocytes during in vitro differentiation. The expression of genes of the CRF/urocortin system and of markers of white and brown adipocytes was evaluated along with mitochondrial biogenesis and cellular oxygen consumption. Metabolic evaluation of corticosterone-deficient or supplemented Crhr1-null (Crhr1−/−) mice and their wild-type controls was performed alo…

Adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.

2009

Preconditioning by Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Improves the Proangiogenic Potential of Adipose-Derived Cells-Based Therapy

2009

Objective— Transplantation of adipose-derived stroma cells (ADSCs) stimulates neovascularization after experimental ischemic injury. ADSC proangiogenic potential is likely mediated by their ability to differentiate into endothelial cells and produce a wide array of angiogenic and antiapoptotic factors. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been shown to control ADSC differentiation. We therefore hypothesized that mitochondrial ROS production may change the ADSC proangiogenic properties. Methods and Results— The use of pharmacological strategies (mitochondrial inhibitors, antimycin, and rotenone, with or without antioxidants) allowed us to specifically and precisely modulate mito…

Dietary xenoestrogens differentially impair 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation and persistently affect leptin synthesis

2008

International audience; Recent observations have highlighted adipogenesis alterations under exposure to several xenoestrogens at critical stages, and pointed at their possible involvement in the pathogenesis of obesity. However, it remains unclear whether these effects are mediated by classical estrogen receptor (ER) binding and subsequent transcriptional modulation. The aim of this study was to determine the (anti-)adipogenic impact of apigenin, bisphenol A, genistein and 17β-estradiol at the onset of adipose cell maturation, and to correlate it to their estrogenic potential. In steroid-free conditions, 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were induced to differentiate in the presence of xenoestrogens for…

Resistin, visfatin, leptin and omentin are differently related to hormonal and metabolic parameters in growth hormone-deficient children

2016

PURPOSE: The effect of growth hormone (GH) on adipose tissue and the role of adipokines in modulating metabolism are documented, but with discordant data. Our aim was to evaluate the impact of GH treatment on a series of selected adipokines known to have a metabolic role and poorly investigated in this setting. METHODS: This is a prospective study. Thirty-one prepubertal children (25 M, 6 F; aged 8.5 ± 1.6 years) with isolated GH deficiency treated with GH for at least 12 months and 30 matched controls were evaluated. Auxological and metabolic parameters, insulin sensitivity indexes, leptin, soluble leptin receptor, adiponectin, visfatin, resistin, omentin, adipocyte fatty acid-binding prot…

Overexpression of G6PD as a model of robustness

2018

Introduction Frailty is a major geriatric syndrome that has been associated to oxidative stress. The antioxidant system is largely based on the reducing power of NADPH, whose levels are mainly determined by the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). Material and methods Using old female Tg-mice overexpressing G6PD (18 to 26 months old), we measured frailty and different muscle parameters: oxidative stress, cross-sectional area (CSA), markers regulating protein synthesis, mitochondrial dynamics, and apoptosis. Results Our results show that 18–24 months old G6PD-Tg animals performed better in the motor coordination and grip strength test than the WT. We also found lower changes in b…

Metabolic effects of the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and cardiovascular risk

2008

The obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by collapse of the upper airway during sleep, recurring apneas, intermittent hypoxemia and daytime somnolence. OSAS is often associated with obesity, and its prevalence is expected to rise due to the obesity epidemics worldwide. OSAS is associated with increased cardiovascular risk which appears to be normalized by treatment with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) during sleep, suggesting an independent role of OSAS in accelerating atherosclerosis. Insulin resistance (IR) and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) are often found in OSAS patients, but the relative role played by OSAS and obesity is still unclear. Both OSAS a…

PTHrP in differentiating human mesenchymal stem cells: Transcript isoform expression, promoter methylation, and protein accumulation

2013

Human PTHrP gene displays a complex organization with nine exons producing diverse mRNA variants due to alternative splicing at 5' and 3' ends and the existence of three different transcriptional promoters (P1, P2 and P3), two of which (P2 and P3) contain CpG islands. It is known that the expression of PTHrP isoforms may be differentially regulated in a developmental stage- and tissue-specific manner. To search for novel molecular markers of stemness/differentiation, here we have examined isoform expression in fat-derived mesenchymal stem cells both maintained in stem conditions and induced toward adipo- and osteogenesis. In addition, the expression of the splicing isoforms derived from P2 …

Silver nanoparticle based coatings enhance adipogenesis compared to osteogenesis in human mesenchymal stem cells through oxidative stress.

2020

Silver nanoparticle (AgNP) based antibacterial surfaces were fabricated using plasma polymerization technology and their effects on differentiation of human bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were investigated in this study. The results showed that AgNP coated surfaces do not affect the initial adhesion, spreading and proliferation of hMSCs. Furthermore, the silver coated surface promoted adipogenic differentiation of hMSCs as demonstrated by more accumulation of lipid droplets and upregulation of adipogenesis-related genes such as peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma), adipocyte determination and differentiation factor (ADD1) and CCAAT/enhancer bindi…