Search results for "adipocyte"

Modulation of lipid-induced ER stress by fatty acid shape.

2011

IF : 5,709; International audience; Exposure of pancreatic β cells to long-chain saturated fatty acids (SFA) induces a so-called endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress that can ultimately lead to cell death. This process is believed to participate in insulin deficiency associated with type 2 diabetes, via a decrease in β-cell mass. By contrast, some unsaturated fatty acid species appear less toxic to the cells and can even alleviate SFA-induced ER stress. In the present study, we took advantage of a simple yeast-based model, which brings together most of the trademarks of lipotoxicity in human cells, to screen fatty acids of various structures for their capacity to counter ER stress. Here we dem…

Myoglobin, expressed in brown adipose tissue of mice, regulates the content and activity of mitochondria and lipid droplets

2021

Abstract The identification of novel physiological regulators that stimulate energy expenditure through brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity in substrate catalysis is of utmost importance to understand and treat metabolic diseases. Myoglobin (MB), known to store or transport oxygen in heart and skeletal muscles, has recently been found to bind fatty acids with physiological constants in its oxygenated form (i.e., MBO2). Here, we investigated the in vivo effect of MB expression on BAT activity. In particular, we studied mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism as essential determinants of energy expenditure in this tissue. We show in a MB-null (MBko) mouse model that MB expression in BAT i…

Adipose tissue sensitivity to radiation exposure

2008

1525-2191 (Electronic) Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Treatment of cancer using radiation can be significantly compromised by the development of severe acute and late damage to normal tissue. Treatments that either reduce the risk and severity of damage or that facilitate the healing of radiation injuries are being developed, including autologous adipose tissue grafts to repair tissue defects or involutional disorders that result from tumor resection. Adipose tissue is specialized in energy storage and contains different cell types, including preadipocytes, which could be used for autologous transplantation. It has long been considered a poorly proliferative connective ti…

Effects of malvidin, cyanidin and delphinidin on human adipose mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into adipocytes, chondrocytes and osteocytes.

2019

Abstract Background Anthocyanidins are plant phytochemicals found at high concentrations in berries, vegetables and flowers. Anthocyanidins have been extensively investigated due to their antioxidative, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Few studies show that anthocyanidins decrease obesity and improve bone density. However, the effects of anthocyanidins on tissue regeneration have not been sufficiently clarified. Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent adult stem cells responsible for the regeneration of fat, bone and cartilage. Although MSCs are often used for screening of biologically active compounds, so far, the effect of anthocyanidins on MSC differentiation has n…

Metabolic aspects of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome.

2009

Insulin resistance is often associated with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) and could contribute to cardiovascular risk in OSAS. Sleep loss and intermittent hypoxia could contribute to the pathogenesis of the metabolic alterations associated with obesity, a common feature of OSAS. The biology of the adipocyte is being increasingly studied, and it has been found that hypoxia negatively affects adipocyte function. In November 2007, the European Respiratory Society and two EU COST Actions (Cardiovascular risk in OSAS (B26) and Adipose tissue and the metabolic syndrome (BM0602)), held a Research Seminar in Du¨sseldorf, Germany, to discuss the following: 1) the effects of hypoxia on glu…

Fish oils influence adipogenesis in preadipocytes of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus Labrax), in relation to the incidence of omega-3 fatty acids

2015

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Effect of Exercise on Fatty Acid Metabolism and Adipokine Secretion in Adipose Tissue

2019

Increased physical activity is an optimal way to maintain a good health. During exercise, triacylglycerols, an energy reservoir in adipose tissue, are hydrolyzed to free fatty acids (FAs) which are then released to the circulation, providing a fuel for working muscles. Thus, regular physical activity leads to a reduction of adipose tissue mass and improves metabolism. However, the reduction of lipid reservoir is also associated with many other interesting changes in adipose tissue FA metabolism. For example, a prolonged exercise contributes to a decrease in lipoprotein lipase activity and resultant reduction of FA uptake. This results in the improvement of mitochondrial function and upregul…

Morphological description of hypothetical cellulite starting unit. The first step to explain cellulite development

2017

Introduction: Cellulite is a complex pathology that affects about 85% of women. The origin of cellulite is poorly understood, even if some studies describe different hypotheses based on the observation of subcutaneous architecture, vascular and lymphatic patterns. Material and methods: in this work an ultra-structural description of cellulite specimens, harvested from fifteen healthy women affected by first degree cellulite, was provided. Specimens were harvested from trochanter, after local anaesthesia using punch biopsy. Samples were fixated, immediately after biopsy, in glutaraldehyde 2% and processed for electron microscopy. Results: with scanning and transmission electron microscopy it…

iGEMS : an integrated model for identification of alternative exon usage events

2016

DNA microarrays and RNAseq are complementary methods for studying RNA molecules. Current computational methods to determine alternative exon usage (AEU) using such data require impractical visual inspection and still yield high false-positive rates. Integrated Gene and Exon Model of Splicing (iGEMS) adapts a gene-level residuals model with a gene size adjusted false discovery rate and exon-level analysis to circumvent these limitations. iGEMS was applied to two new DNA microarray datasets, including the high coverage Human Transcriptome Arrays 2.0 and performance was validated using RT-qPCR. First, AEU was studied in adipocytes treated with (n = 9) or without (n = 8) the anti-diabetes drug,…

Adipose stem cells on the basis of tumor transformation

Mesenchymal stem cells thanks to their differentiated multipotent ability are considered the most promising candidate for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The source of mesenchymal stem cells up to about 20 years was represented by the bone marrow, but due to their limited amount of cells together with a very invasive and painfull surgical treatment, poorly accepted by patients, has led the scientific community to investigate an alternative mesenchymal stem cells source with similar properties. In particular, the adipose tissue has attracted the greatest interest thanks to its relative abundance, the easy of availability and the large amounts of mesenchymal stem cells which are…