Search results for "adrenal"

Mucoadhesive solid lipid microparticles for controlled release of a corticosteroid in the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease treatment.

2017

Therapeutic efficacy of inhaled drugs is limited by rapid clearance from the site of action due to absorption into systemic circulation or metabolic degradation by alveolar macrophages. Drug delivery systems offer new solutions to clinical problems especially in the treatment of pulmonary diseases. In particular, Solid Lipid Microparticles (SLM) in the range of 3-5 µm are suggested as systems for delivery of therapeutics to the lung as, because of their size, they are able to deposit into secondary bronchi, avoiding systemic absorption typical of alveolar regions. Here, we describe two novel different SLMs prepared with chitosan and alginate for sustained release of fluticasone propionate (…

Efficacy and safety of everolimus in extrapancreatic neuroendocrine tumor: a comprehensive review of literature

2016

BACKGROUND Everolimus, an oral mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) inhibitor, is currently approved for the treatment of progressive pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Although promising, only scattered data, often from nondedicated studies, are available for extrapancreatic NETs. PATIENTS AND METHODS A systematic review of the published data was performed concerning the use of everolimus in extrapancreatic NET, with the aim of summarizing the current knowledge on its efficacy and tolerability. Moreover, the usefulness of everolimus was evaluated according to the different sites of the primary. RESULTS The present study included 22 different publications, including 874 patients and 4…

Adrenal Gland and Gastric Malignant Melanoma without Evidence of Skin Lesion Treated with the Oncolytic Virus Rigvir

2020

Adrenal gland melanoma is an extremely rare diagnosis with less than 20 cases reported. The criteria for diagnosing adrenal gland melanoma include involvement of only one adrenal gland, presence of melanin pigment in the histological examination of the tumor tissue, no primary melanoma tumor in any other organ, and no history of resection of pigmented lesions. However, it is complicated to rule out melanoma of unknown primary origin. Here we report a female patient who at the age of 75 years was admitted to hospital due to suspicion of adrenal and gastric tumor. The largest tumor was found in the adrenal gland, thus leading to the diagnosis of primary adrenal gland melanoma presenting metas…

Iron-loaded transferrin (Tf) is detrimental whereas iron-free Tf confers protection against brain ischemia by modifying blood Tf saturation and subse…

2018

Despite transferrin being the main circulating carrier of iron in body fluids, and iron overload conditions being known to worsen stroke outcome through reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced damage, the contribution of blood transferrin saturation (TSAT) to stroke brain damage is unknown. The objective of this study was to obtain evidence on whether TSAT determines the impact of experimental ischemic stroke on brain damage and whether iron-free transferrin (apotransferrin, ATf)-induced reduction of TSAT is neuroprotective. We found that experimental ischemic stroke promoted an early extravasation of circulating iron-loaded transferrin (holotransferrin, HTf) to the ischemic brain parenchyma.…

2018

OBJECTIVE The lack of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived melanocortin peptides results in hypoadrenalism and severe obesity in both humans and rodents that is treatable with synthetic melanocortins. However, there are significant differences in POMC processing between humans and rodents, and little is known about the relative physiological importance of POMC products in the human brain. The aim of this study was to determine which POMC-derived peptides are present in the human brain, to establish their relative concentrations, and to test if their production is dynamically regulated. METHODS We analysed both fresh post-mortem human hypothalamic tissue and hypothalamic neurons derived from …

Glycometabolic Alterations in Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency: Does Replacement Therapy Play a Role?

2018

Secondary adrenal insufficiency (SAI) is a potentially life-threatening endocrine disorder due to an impairment of corticotropin (ACTH) secretion from any process affecting the hypothalamus or pituitary gland. ACTH deficit can be isolated or associated with other pituitary failures (hypopituitarism). An increased mortality due to cardiovascular, metabolic, and infectious diseases has been described in both primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency. However, few studies have provided compelling evidences on the underlying mechanism in SAI, because of the heterogeneity of the condition. Recently, some studies suggested that inappropriate glucocorticoid (GCs) replacement therapy, as for dose…

The Course of COVID-19 in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Protective Role of TNF Antagonists

2021

MEN1 Disease Occurring Before 21 Years Old: A 160-Patient Cohort Study From the Groupe d'étude des Tumeurs Endocrines

2015

Multiple endocrine neoplasia Type-1 (MEN1) in young patients is only described by case reports.To improve the knowledge of MEN1 natural history before 21 years old.Obtain a description of the first symptoms occurring before 21 years old (clinical symptoms, biological or imaging abnormalities), surgical outcomes related to MEN1 Neuro Endocrine Tumors (NETs) occurring in a group of 160 patients extracted from the "Groupe d'étude des Tumeurs Endocrines" MEN1 cohort.The first symptoms were related to hyperparathyroidism in 122 cases (75%), pituitary adenoma in 55 cases (34%), nonsecreting pancreatic tumor (NSPT) in 14 cases (9%), insulinoma in 20 cases (12%), gastrinoma in three cases (2%), mal…

The Effect of Tyramine, Noradrenaline, and Angiotensin on the Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Patients with Aldosteronism and Low Plasma Renin

1970

The reactivity to the pressor action of tyramine, noradrenaline, and angiotensin was determined in 9 patients with hypertension, aldosteronism and low plasma renin concentration (4 patients with solitary adrenal adenomas, 3 patients with nodular adrenal hyperplasia, 2 patients with unknown adrenal status). In 7 patients tests were repeated following unilateral or subtotal adrenalectomy respectively. For comparison, 5 patients with phaeochromocytoma, 10 patients with benign essential hypertension, and 12 normotensive control subjects were studied. — In the hypertensive patients with aldosteronism and low plasma renin, responsiveness to tyramine was significantly reduced. In contrast, pressor…

Hypermineralocorticoidism and hypertension

1971

Die mit Hypokaliamie, Uberproduktion von Mineralocorticoiden (Aldosteron und/oder Corticosteron und Desoxycorticosteron) und Aktivitatsanderungen des Renin-Angiotensinsystems einhergehenden Hochdrucksformen werden beschrieben. Sie lassen sich nach willkurlich gewahlten biochemischen Kriterien in drei Gruppen einteilen: a) Hypermineralocorticoidismus mit Reninsuppression und Aldosteronismus, b) Hypermineralocorticoidismus mit Reninund Aldosteronsuppression und c) Hypermineralocorticoidismus mit erhohtem Plasmarenin und Aldosteronismus. Jede dieser Gruppen besteht aus mehreren Syndromen, die sich durch ihr adrenocorticales Sekretionsmuster und/oder ihre morphologischen Nebennierenrindenverand…