Search results for "affect"
showing 10 items of 1382 documents
Maternal condition determines offspring behavior toward family members in the European earwig
2015
International audience; Parental care confers benefits to juveniles but is usually associated with substantial costs for parents. These costs often depend on parental condition, which is thus considered as a key determinant of the level of parental care expressed during family life. However, how parental condition affects the behaviors that juveniles express toward their siblings and parents remains poorly explored. Here, we investigated these questions in the European earwig Forficula auricularia, an insect in which mothers provide extensive forms of care to their juveniles. We measured maternal body condition at egg hatching, subsequently manipulated maternal nutritional state, and finall…
Pesticide-induced changes in personality depend on the urbanization level
2017
Globally increasing urbanization causes major anthropogenic changes in ecosystems, drastically altering phenotypes of organisms. Increased contamination is a well-known result of urbanization, and its effect on behaviour has been extensively studied. Yet, animal personality, consistent behavioural variation between individuals, has rarely been investigated in the context of anthropogenic contaminants. Changes in personalities may affect the viability of populations, and even alter community dynamics. We investigated the effects of exposure to a sublethal dose of the commonly used pesticide esfenvalerate on two personality traits, activity and boldness, and compared these effects between rep…
Experience and dominance in fish pairs jointly shape parasite avoidance behaviour
2018
There is increasing evidence that the composition of a social group influences the fitness of its members. For example, group member identities can determine the exposure risk to contact-transmitted parasites and consequently impact the health of all group members. Here, we propose that group composition may also affect host exposure to parasite propagules prevailing in the environment via collective parasite avoidance behaviours. We explored the spatial avoidance of a trematode parasite, Diplostomum pseudospathaceum, using the simplest form of host groups, pairs of sea trout, Salmo trutta trutta. These pairs showed either (1) between-group heterogeneity in their experience with the parasit…
A head start for life history development? Family income mediates associations between height and immune response in men.
2018
OBJECTIVES Male height and health affect a diverse range of social and economic outcomes such as competition for resources and mates. Life history theory predicts that limited availability of bioenergetic resources curbs the development of central life history functions such as somatic growth, immunity, and investment in offspring. Although genetic factors are important determinants of height, other factors such as income level may affect the incidence of infections during ontogeny, thus having indirect effects on somatic growth. We tested whether growing up in families with a higher income positively affects height and immune function. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-three young Latvian men …
No need to shout: Effect of signal loudness on sibling communication in barn owlsTyto alba
2017
In animal communication, signal loudness is often ignored and seldom measured. We used a playback experiment to examine the role of vocal loudness (i.e., sound pressure level) in sibling to sibling communication of nestling barn owls Tyto alba. In this species, siblings vocally negotiate among each other for priority access to parental food resources. Call rate and call duration play key roles in this vocal communication system, with the most vocal nestlings deterring their siblings from competing for access to the food item next delivered by parents. Here, we broadcast calls at different loudness levels and call rate to live nestlings. The loudness of playback calls did not affect owlets' …
Nectar robbing does not affect female reproductive success of an endangered Antirrhinum species, Plantaginaceae
2019
ABSTRACTBackground: Nectar robbers in many plant species affect female reproductive success, usually decreasing the amount of seed produced by plants, which can affect populations persistence.Aims:...
Does interindividual variability of saliva affect the release and metabolization of aroma compounds ex vivo? The particular case of elderly suffering…
2019
The aim of this work was to study the effects of interindividual variability of human elderly saliva on aroma release and metabolization by ex vivo approaches. Thirty individuals suffering or not from hyposalivation were selected from a panel formed by 110 elderly people (aged >65 years old) that were matched by age and sex. Then, their stimulated saliva samples were independently incubated in presence of three aroma compounds (ethyl hexanoate, octanal, 2-nonanone) to perform headspace-gas chromatography and liquid/liquid extraction-gas chromatography mass spectrometry analyses. These assays revealed that the extent of saliva effect on the release and metabolization of aroma compounds was h…
Light Conditions Affect NaCl-Induced Physiological Responses in a Clonal Plant Species Hydrocotyle vulgaris
2020
Abstract In order to understand if differences in light conditions can affect responses of a clonal plant species to increased soil salinity, the long-term effect of two substrate concentrations of NaCl on leaf growth, clonal plasticity and oxidative enzyme (peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase) activity in Hydrocotyle vulgaris L. plants grown at low, moderate and high light conditions was studied. H. vulgaris appeared to be a shade-tolerant species, since both leaf blade and petiole growth was inhibited at low light intensity. At low light intensity, H. vulgaris plants represented characteristics of halophytes with significant stimulation of leaf blade and petiole growth by NaCl, especially a…
Male mating success and risk of predation in a wolf spider: a balance between sexual and natural selection?
1998
1. Traits that benefit males through sexual selection are simultaneously expected to impair males by provoking costs through natural selection. If we consider the two male fitness components, mating success and viability, then we may expect that the increase in male mating success resulting from a larger trait size will be counterbalanced by an increase in viability costs. 2. We studied the benefits and costs of male mate searching and sexual signalling activity in the wolf spider Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata. In the field, males search females actively and court them by drumming dry leaves with their abdomen. Females have been shown to prefer males with high drumming rate. Male moving and e…
Communication in social insects and how it is shaped by individual experience
2019
Communication is the foundation of all social systems, and learning is perhaps the most important cognitive tool. But how do these two critical faculties interact? With social insects being some of the best learners of the invertebrate world, and indisputably the most communicative, we examine the role of learning and experience in social insect communication. Learning plays a major role for both senders and receivers. A sender's experience can modulate what information is available for communication, whether communication is effective and whether individuals are motivated to communicate. Signalling about a resource is often modulated relative to the value of that resource and relative to t…