Search results for "aflatoxins"
showing 10 items of 35 documents
Determination of aflatoxins in peanuts by matrix solid-phase dispersion and liquid chromatography
2003
A new method based on matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) extraction was studied to determine aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 and G2 from peanuts. Optimization of different parameters, such as type of solid supports for matrix dispersion and elution solvents were carried out. The method used 2 g of peanut sample, 2 g of C18 bonded silica as MSPD sorbent and acetonitrile as eluting solvent. Recoveries of each aflatoxin spiked to peanut samples at 2.5 ng/g (5 ng/g for aflatoxin G2) level were between 78 and 86% with relative standard deviations ranging from 4 to 7%. The limits of quantification ranged from 0.125 to 2.5 ng/g for the four studied aflatoxins using liquid chromatography (LC) with fluoresce…
Limited survey for the presence of aflatoxins in foods from local markets and supermarkets in Valencia, Spain.
2004
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), B2 (AFB2), G1 (AFG1) and G2 (AFG2) were extracted by matrix solid-phase dispersion with C18 silica and acetonitrile as the eluting solvent, analysed by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection and confirmed by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry using an electrospray interface in 58 samples grouped as cereals, dried fruits, herbs and spices, pulses, snacks, and nuts and nut products collected from local markets and supermarkets in Valencia, Spain. All samples analysed by the proposed method were previously studied with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as a screening protocol for the fast detection of mycotoxins. The samples containing residues (3/5…
High Pressure Processing Impact on Alternariol and Aflatoxins of Grape Juice and Fruit Juice-Milk Based Beverages.
2021
High-pressure processing (HPP) has emerged over the last 2 decades as a good alternative to traditional thermal treatment for food safety and shelf-life extension, supplying foods with similar characteristics to those of fresh products. Currently, HPP has also been proposed as a useful tool to reduce food contaminants, such as pesticides and mycotoxins. The aim of the present study is to explore the effect of HPP technology at 600 MPa during 5 min at room temperature on alternariol (AOH) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) mycotoxins reduction in different juice models. The effect of HPP has also been compared with a thermal treatment performed at 90 °C during 21 s. For this, different juice models, or…
Fumigation of Brazil nuts with allyl isothiocyanate to inhibit the growth of Aspergillus parasiticus and aflatoxin production
2017
Abstract BACKGROUND Brazil produces approximately 40 000 tons of Brazil nuts annually, which is commonly contaminated with fungi and mycotoxins. Gaseous allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) was used to inhibit the growth of Aspergillus parasiticus and its production of aflatoxins (AFs) in Brazil nuts. RESULTS Nuts were inoculated with 104 spores g−1 of A. parasiticus and placed in airtight glass jars with controlled relative humidity (RH = 95 or 85%). Samples were treated with 0, 0.5, 1.0 or 2.5 µL L−1 of gaseous AITC and analyzed after 30 days to determine the fungal population and AFs content. Samples were also submitted to sensory evaluation. AITC at 2.5 µL L−1 could completely inhibit the fungal…
Mitochondrial transcriptional study of the effect of aflatoxins, enniatins and carotenoids in vitro in a blood brain barrier model
2020
C. maxima (var. Delica), a variety of pumpkin, is well known for its high concentration on carotenoids, possessing dietary benefits and antioxidant properties. Aflatoxins and enniatins are common mycotoxins present in food and feed with an extended toxicity profile in humans and animals. Both types of substances reach a wide range of tissues and organs and have the capability to penetrate the blood brain barrier. Since carotenoids and mycotoxins have been reported to modify diverse mitochondrial processes individually, transcriptional in vitro studies on human epithelial cells ECV 304 were conducted to analyze the relative expression of 13 mitochondria related genes. ECV 304 cells were diff…
Influence of the antimicrobial compound allyl isothiocyanate against the Aspergillus parasiticus growth and its aflatoxins production in pizza crust.
2015
Abstract Aflatoxins (AFs) are secondary metabolites produced by different species of Aspergillus, such as Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, which possess mutagenic, teratogenic and carcinogenic activities in humans. In this study, active packaging devices containing allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) or oriental mustard flour (OMF) + water were tested to inhibit the growth of A. parasiticus and AFs production in fresh pizza crust after 30 d. The antimicrobial and anti-aflatoxin activities were compared to a control group (no antimicrobial treatment) and to a group added with commercial preservatives (sorbic acid + sodium propionate). A. parasiticus growth was only inhibited after 30 d…
Limited survey for the occurrence of aflatoxins in cereals and poultry feeds from Rabat, Morocco
2007
Fifty eight (58) samples of cereals for human consumption (20 corn flour, 17 wheat flour) and poultry feeds (n=21) purchased from popular markets of Rabat in Morocco were analyzed for aflatoxins (AF) by HPLC with immunoaffinity column (IAC) clean-up and fluorimetric detection. The incidence of AF in corn, wheat flour and poultry feeds was about 80, 17.6 and 66.6% respectively. High contamination levels were found in corn and poultry feeds samples. Levels of contamination of analyzed samples with AFB1 ranged from 0.23 to 11.2, 0.03 to 0.15 and 0.05 to 5.38 ng/g for corn, wheat and poultry feeds respectively. Results showed also that the contamination of 10% of samples of corn was higher than…
Climate Change and Effects on Molds and Mycotoxins
2022
Earth’s climate is undergoing adverse global changes as an unequivocal result of anthropogenic activity. The occurring environmental changes are slowly shaping the balance between plant growth and related fungal diseases. Climate (temperature, available water, and light quality/quantity; as well as extreme drought, desertification, and fluctuations of humid/dry cycles) represents the most important agroecosystem factor influencing the life cycle stages of fungi and their ability to colonize crops, survive, and produce toxins. The ability of mycotoxigenic fungi to respond to Climate Change (CC) may induce a shift in their geographical distribution and in the pattern of mycotoxin occurrence. …
CONTAMINATION CONTROL OF AFLATOXINS IN MILK INTENDED FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION: COMPARISON OF DATA OBTAINED BETWEEN 2014 AND 2017
2017
Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is the hydroxylated metabolite on the hepatic level of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), found in milk when the animal is lactating after ingestion of zootechnical feeds contaminated with aflatoxin B1. Exposed with the present work is a study conducted at the laboratory So.gest s.r.l of Palermo, which lasted more than three years, on the presence of Mycotoxins in bovine milk which provenance is from farms in the Sicilian area of Catania, Enna and Caltanissetta in order to determine whether during this period some changes in concentration of aflatoxin M1 (AFM) have occurred and access if the presence of the toxin is always within the legal limits. The analyzes were conducted with ELIS…
Optimization of Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion method for simultaneous extraction of aflatoxins and OTA in cereals and its application to commercial s…
2010
Abstract A method based on Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion (MSPD) has been developed for the determination of 5 mycotoxins (ochratoxin A and aflatoxins B and G) in different cereals. Several dispersants, eluents and ratios were tested during the optimization of the process in order to obtain the best results. Finally, samples were blended with C 18 and the mycotoxins were extracted with acetonitrile. Regarding to matrix effects, the results clearly demonstrated the necessity to use a matrix-matched calibration to validate the method. Analyses were performed by liquid chromatography–triple quadrupole-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–QqQ-MS/MS). The recoveries of the extraction process ranged from …