Search results for "age factors"
showing 10 items of 1176 documents
Opioid escalation in patients with cancer pain: the effect of age.
2006
Elderly people are commonly considered more susceptible to opioid effects. However, no data regarding the need for opioid escalation in patients already receiving opioids for the management of chronic pain are available. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the differences between younger and older patients during the crucial phase of opioid titration. One hundred consecutive patients with cancer pain requiring further opioid dose refinement were recruited for this cohort study. Pain intensity, dose of opioids, number of opioids used (need to switch), routes of administration used, and opioid-related symptoms were measured from admission until dose stabilization. Opioid escalation inde…
Age–Period–Cohort Analysis of Stroke Incidence in Dijon From 1985 to 2005
2010
Background and Purpose— Variations in stroke incidence could be explained by changes in vascular and environmental factors that affect the risk of stroke and changes in risk factors that are present in early life. The aim of this study was to identify and measure the effects of 3 interrelated factors, age, calendar period of stroke onset, and birth year cohort, on the incidence rates of stroke from 1985 through 2005. Methods— Age–period–cohort models were used to analyze stroke incidence in Dijon from 1985 to 2005 from a population-based registry that collects data on all stroke patients whatever the type of management, in the public hospital, private hospitals, or at home, in the populati…
Changes in histone acetylation in the prefrontal cortex of ethanol-exposed adolescent rats are associated with ethanol-induced place conditioning
2012
Alcohol drinking during adolescence can induce long-lasting effects on the motivation to consume alcohol. Abnormal plasticity in reward-related processes might contribute to the vulnerability of adolescents to drug addiction. We have shown that binge-like ethanol treatment in adolescent rats induces alterations in the dopaminergic system and causes histone modifications in brain reward regions. Considering that histone acetylation regulates transcriptional activity and contributes to drug-induced alterations in gene expression and behavior, we addressed the hypothesis that ethanol is capable of inducing transcriptional changes by histone modifications in specific gene promoters in adolescen…
Comparative Study Between Unilateral and Bilateral Cochlear Implantation in Children of 1 and 2 Years of Age
2016
Abstract Introduction The studies that have evaluated the effectiveness of bilateral cochlear implantation in children suggest an improvement in hearing about sound localisation and speech discrimination. In this paper we show the differences in audio-linguistic achievements with early bilateral cochlear implantation versus unilateral, and differences between simultaneous and sequential bilateral implantation. Material and methods We present 88 children with bilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss, treated with bilateral cochlear implantation in 32 cases and unilateral in 56 cases, during the first 12 months (27 children) of life and between 12 and 24 months (61 children). We conducte…
Oral vitamin K versus placebo to correct excessive anticoagulation in patients receiving warfarin: A randomized trial
2009
BACKGROUND: Low-dose oral vitamin K decreases the international normalized ratio (INR) in overanticoagulated patients who receive warfarin therapy. Its effects on bleeding events are uncertain. OBJECTIVE: To see whether low-dose oral vitamin K reduces bleeding events over 90 days in patients with warfarin-associated coagulopathy. DESIGN: Multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Randomization was computer-generated, and participants were allocated to trial groups by using sequentially numbered study drug containers. Patients, caregivers, and those who assessed outcomes were blinded to treatment assignment. SETTING: 14 anticoagulant therapy clinics in Canada, the United States, and …
Reversal of prenatal diazepam-induced deficit in a spatial-object learning task by brief, periodic maternal separation in adult rats.
2005
In the rat, prenatal exposure to diazepam (DZ) induces a permanent reduction in GABA/BZ receptor (R) function and behavioural abnormalities. Environmental modifications during early stages of life can influence brain development and induce neurobiological and behavioural changes throughout adulthood. Indeed, a subtle, periodic, postnatal manipulation increases GABA/BZ R activity and produces facilitatory effects on neuroendocrine and behavioural responses. We here investigated the impact of prenatal treatment with DZ on learning performance in adult 3- and 8-month-old male rats and the influence of a brief, periodic maternal separation on the effects exerted by prenatal DZ exposure. Learnin…
Evening salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase at 14months and neurodevelopment at 4years: Sex differences.
2017
Stress system activity in early life can have long-term effects on neurodevelopment. The main aim of this study was to assess the association of child evening salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase basal levels at 14months of age with longer-term neuropsychological development at 4years in a low-risk population-based birth cohort derived from the INMA (Environment and Childhood) project in Spain. We included 186 parent-children pairs with information on both stress system activity and neurodevelopment. Both stress markers at 14months of age showed an association with neuropsychological development at 4years. Salivary cortisol showed a sex-specific pattern of association. In girls, cortisol lev…
Single, intense prenatal stress decreases emotionality and enhances learning performance in the adolescent rat offspring: Interaction with a brief, d…
2006
Perinatal manipulations can lead to neurobehavioural changes in the progeny. In this study we investigated, in adolescent male rat offspring, the consequences of a single, intense prenatal stress induced by a 120 min-maternal immobilization at gestational day 16, and of a daily, brief maternal separation from postnatal day 2 until 21, on: unconditioned fear/anxiety-like behaviour in open field and in elevated plus-maze; learning performance in the "Can test", a non-aversive spatial and tactile/visual task; corticosterone plasma levels under basal and stress-induced conditions. Our results indicate that both prenatal stress and maternal separation procedures decrease emotionality and enhance…
Neurological complications of Anderson-Fabry disease
2012
Characteristic clinical manifestations of AFD such as acroparesthesias, angiokeratoma, corneal opacity, hypo/ and anhidrosis, gastrointestinal symptoms, renal and cardiac dysfunctions can occur in male and female patients, although heterozygous females with AFD usually seems to be less severely affected. The most prominent CNS manifestations consist of cerebrovascular events such as transient ischaemic attacks (TIAs) and (recurrent) strokes . For the most part, CNS complications in AFD have been attributed to cerebral vasculopathy, including anatomical abnormalities. The natural history of Fabry patients includes transitory cerebral ischaemia and strokes, even in very young persons of both …
Association between serum concentration of vitamin D and 1-year mortality in stroke patients.
2013
<b><i>Background:</i></b> The prevalence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] deficiency is high in patients presenting with an acute stroke, and it may be associated with greater clinical severity and a poor early functional prognosis. However, no data about its impact on long-term prognosis is available. In this study, we aimed to assess the association between 25(OH)D levels and 1-year mortality in stroke patients. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> From February to December 2010, 382 Caucasian stroke patients admitted to the Department of Neurology of the University Hospital of Dijon, France, were enrolled prospectively. Demographics and clinical informat…