Search results for "agglomeration"
showing 10 items of 88 documents
Agglomeration without trade: how non-traded goods shape the space-economy
2004
Abstract We develop a spatial general equilibrium model in which the absence of interregional trade is an endogenous outcome. Extending the model developed by Ottaviano, Tabuchi, and Thisse (Int. Econ. Rev. 43 (2002) 409), we show that equilibria without trade differ significantly from those obtained in the presence of trade, which suggests that the presence of non-traded goods has a significant impact on spatial structures. Somewhat surprisingly, equilibrium structures without trade are richer than those with trade because partial agglomeration becomes a feasible outcome. Equilibria now depend on the ratio of mobile to immobile factors and an increase in that ratio triggers a process of sp…
On the emergence of the urban phenomenon. Part I
2001
In this paper we develop a relatively simple but general model describing the formation of urban agglomerations in a pre-industrial setting. Rural agglomeration on a local scale arises from the multiplication and specialization of intermediate goods and labor services, while dispersion is due to the commuting costs of agricultural workers. Urban agglomeration on a more global scale stems from the trade-off between increasing returns to scale and transport costs of goods. We derive a general equilibrium model of the formation of urban structures and show how population growth, strict indivisibilities and structural changes in the production sector can modify quantitatively and qualitatively …
The importance of creative industry agglomerations in explaining the wealth of European Regions
2012
[EN] This paper examines the existence of regional agglomerations of manufacturing, service and creative industries, the relationship between these industries and the wealth of regions and their industrial structure. Through an analysis of 250 European regions, three important conclusions can be inferred from the results obtained in this paper. The first is that creative industries play an important role in the wealth of a region. The second is that the most creative regions are characterized by having more high-tech manufacturing industries than the rest of the regions although the number of low-tech manufacturing firms is similar. Lastly, the industrial structure of each region has a grea…
A Spatial Difference-in-Differences Estimator to Evaluate the Effect of Change in Public Mass Transit Systems on House Prices
2014
Evaluating the impact of public mass transit systems on real-estate values is an important application of the hedonic price model (HPM). Recently, a mathematical transformation of this approach has been proposed to account for the potential omission of latent spatial variables that may overestimate the impact of accessibility to mass transit systems on values. The development of a Difference-in-Differences (DID) estimator, based on the repeat-sales approach, is a move in the right direction. However, such an estimator neglects the possibility that specification of the price equation may follow a spatial autoregressive process with respect to the dependent variable. The objective of this pap…
Do agglomeration economies are lower for polluting sectors?
2019
This article explore how the relation between productivity and local city-size can be mitigated by pollution. More specifically, we estimate agglomeration economies considering a new source of heterogeneity among industries: the degree of pollution. Due to pollution perception acting as a dispersion force, we expect net agglomeration economies to be lower for polluting firms. In fact, polluting firms may anticipate that households and other firms are reluctant to locate near sources of pollution. In this paper, we exploit spatial data on sectoral emissions for a large number of air pollutants. We define a continuous variable of pollution that varies across sectors and employment zones. Our …
Economies d'agglomération et configurations spatiales dans les espaces ruraux
1997
The question to be addressed here is that of the agglomeration/dispersion forces that are likely to account for the location of people and jobs in rural areas and the way they explain spatial patterns in rural areas depending on urban influence. Economic geography models may provide suitable tools with which to investigate the organization of rural areas. We first review these models, focusing on dispersion forces, which rest basically on land consumption and transport costs. We suggest then a set of hypotheses concerning the main forces at work in rural areas. Intensity of agglomeration economies is hypothesized to be related to the urban size, which in turn induces increasing land rents a…
Agglomeration Externalities and the Productivity of Italian Firms
2015
Despite the richness of contributions on the effects of agglomeration on economic activity, the empirical evidence still falls short, especially at the microeconomic level, where they should matter the most. This paper adds to this literature by performing an empirical exploration of the role of Marshallian, Jacobian, and Porterian externalities for the productivity of Italian firms. In particular, a large dataset of small and medium enterprises is first employed to estimate firm-level total factor productivity (TFP). Then dynamic panel and instrumental variables estimation methods are used to assess the effects of agglomeration externalities. The findings seem to suggest that these effects…
Croissance endogène et espace
1997
International audience
Effects of defects on the tensile strength of short-fibre composite materials
2014
Abstract. Heterogeneous materials tend to fail at the weakest cross-section, where the presence of microstructural heterogeneities or defects controls the tensile strength. Short-fibre composites are an example of heterogeneous materials, where unwanted fibre agglomerates are likely to initiate tensile failure. In this study, the dimensions and orientation of fibre agglomerates have been analysed from three-dimensional images obtained by X-ray microtomography. The geometry of the specific agglomerate responsible for failure initiation has been identified and correlated with the strength. At the plane of fracture, a defect in the form of a large fibre agglomerate was almost inevitably found.…
Urban Economics in Retrospect: Continuity or Change ?
2000
International audience