Search results for "agonists"

showing 10 items of 1616 documents

Influencia de la diabetes experimental sobre la reactividad de las arterias carótida y renal de conejo al péptido atrial natriurético : mecanismos im…

2013

La diabetes está asociada a una mayor prevalencia de hipertensión, ictus, enfermedades cardiovasculares y nefropatía. El péptido atrial natriurético (ANP) juega un papel importante en la fisiopatología cardiovascular y podría tener acciones protectoras cardiovasculares y nefrovasculares en pacientes diabéticos. En este trabajo hemos estudiado las modificaciones producidas por la diabetes en los mecanismos que regulan la respuesta de las arterias carótida y renal de conejo al ANP. La concentración plasmática de ANP en conejos diabéticos fue mayor que en conejos control. ARTERIA CARÓTIDA. El ANP indujo una relajación de la arteria carótida, que fue menor en conejo diabético que en conejo cont…

:CIENCIAS MÉDICAS ::Patología::Patología cardiovascular [UNESCO]:CIENCIAS MÉDICAS ::Patología::Patología experimental [UNESCO]diabetesUNESCO::CIENCIAS MÉDICAS ::Patología::Patología experimentalUNESCO::CIENCIAS MÉDICAS ::Patología::Patología cardiovascularcanales de potasioarteria carótidapéptido atrial natriuréticocardiovascular systemarteria renalprostanoidesendoteliohormones hormone substitutes and hormone antagonistscirculatory and respiratory physiology
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Pharmacological activation of CB2 receptors counteracts the deleterious effect of ethanol on cell proliferation in the main neurogenic zones of the a…

2015

Chronic alcohol exposure reduces endocannabinoid activity and disrupts adult neurogenesis in rodents, which results in structural and functional alterations. Cannabinoid receptor agonists promote adult neural progenitor cell (NPC) proliferation. We evaluated the protective effects of the selective CB1 receptor agonist ACEA, the selective CB2 receptor agonist JWH133 and the fatty-acid amide-hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor URB597, which enhances endocannabinoid receptor activity, on NPC proliferation in rats with forced consumption of ethanol (10%) or sucrose liquid diets for 2 weeks. We performed immunohistochemical and stereological analyses of cells expressing the mitotic phosphorylation of his…

:Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Physiological Processes::Growth and Development::Morphogenesis::Embryonic and Fetal Development::Organogenesis::Neurogenesis [Medical Subject Headings]CB1 receptorTubulina (proteína)Cannabinoid receptorCarbamatosEtanol:Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids Peptides and Proteins::Proteins::Nuclear Proteins::Histones [Medical Subject Headings]Ventrículos lateralesSacarosaNeuronasSubgranular zone0302 clinical medicine:Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids Peptides and Proteins::Proteins::Membrane Proteins::Receptors Cell Surface::Receptors G-Protein-Coupled::Receptors Cannabinoid::Receptor Cannabinoid CB1 [Medical Subject Headings]Histonas:Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Carboxylic Acids::Acids Acyclic::Carbamates [Medical Subject Headings]Receptor cannabinoide CB1Cannabinoid receptor type 2:Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals [Medical Subject Headings]:Phenomena and Processes::Metabolic Phenomena::Metabolism::Phosphorylation [Medical Subject Headings]:Anatomy::Cells::Stem Cells::Neural Stem Cells [Medical Subject Headings]:Anatomy::Nervous System::Neurons [Medical Subject Headings]health care economics and organizations:Anatomy::Nervous System::Central Nervous System::Brain::Cerebral Ventricles::Lateral Ventricles [Medical Subject Headings]Original Research:Chemicals and Drugs::Nucleic Acids Nucleotides and Nucleosides::Nucleosides::Deoxyribonucleosides::Deoxyuridine::Bromodeoxyuridine [Medical Subject Headings]0303 health sciencesAlcoholismoalcoholConsumo de alcoholNeurogenesis:Phenomena and Processes::Genetic Phenomena::Phenotype::Genetic Markers [Medical Subject Headings]:Chemicals and Drugs::Chemical Actions and Uses::Pharmacologic Actions::Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action::Neurotransmitter Agents::Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators::Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists [Medical Subject Headings]Benzamidas:Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids Peptides and Proteins::Proteins::Membrane Proteins::Receptors Cell Surface::Receptors G-Protein-Coupled::Receptors Cannabinoid::Receptor Cannabinoid CB2 [Medical Subject Headings]Endocannabinoid system3. Good healthbromodesoxiuridinaneurogenesisEndocannabinoidesmedicine.anatomical_structure:Chemicals and Drugs::Enzymes and Coenzymes::Enzymes::Hydrolases [Medical Subject Headings]ACEADietaAlcoholFosforilaciónAgonistmedicine.medical_specialtyHidrolasasmedicine.drug_classNeurogenesiseducation:Psychiatry and Psychology::Mental Disorders::Substance-Related Disorders::Alcohol-Related Disorders::Alcoholism [Medical Subject Headings]Subventricular zoneBiology:Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Nutritional Physiological Phenomena::Diet [Medical Subject Headings]:Anatomy::Nervous System::Central Nervous System::Brain::Prosencephalon::Telencephalon::Cerebrum::Cerebral Cortex::Hippocampus::Dentate Gyrus [Medical Subject Headings]lcsh:RC321-57103 medical and health sciencesCellular and Molecular NeuroscienceRatasInternal medicine:Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids Peptides and Proteins::Proteins::Nerve Tissue Proteins::Tubulin [Medical Subject Headings]JWH133medicineGiro dentadolcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry030304 developmental biologyCélulas madre nerviosas:Chemicals and Drugs::Chemical Actions and Uses::Pharmacologic Actions::Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action::Neurotransmitter Agents::Endocannabinoids [Medical Subject Headings]Dentate gyrusmarcadores genéticosCB2 receptor:Chemicals and Drugs::Carbohydrates::Polysaccharides::Oligosaccharides::Disaccharides::Sucrose [Medical Subject Headings]:Anatomy::Nervous System::Central Nervous System::Brain::Prosencephalon::Diencephalon::Hypothalamus [Medical Subject Headings]:Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Alcohols::Ethanol [Medical Subject Headings]Endocrinology:Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Rodentia::Muridae::Murinae::Rats [Medical Subject Headings]nervous system:Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms::Behavior::Drinking Behavior::Alcohol Drinking [Medical Subject Headings]:Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Amides::Benzamides [Medical Subject Headings]030217 neurology & neurosurgeryHipotálamoNeuroscience
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Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes of Renin–Angiotensin System Blockade in Adult Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review with Network Met…

2016

Background Medications aimed at inhibiting the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) have been used extensively for preventing cardiovascular and renal complications in patients with diabetes, but data that compare their clinical effectiveness are limited. We aimed to compare the effects of classes of RAS blockers on cardiovascular and renal outcomes in adults with diabetes. Methods and Findings Eligible trials were identified by electronic searches in PubMed/MEDLINE and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (1 January 2004 to 17 July 2014). Interventions of interest were angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), and direct renin (DR) inhibitors. T…

ACE inhibitorsMyocardial InfarctionAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors030204 cardiovascular system & hematologyACE inhibitor therapyBiochemistryRenin-Angiotensin SystemAnginachemistry.chemical_compoundEndocrinologyMathematical and Statistical Techniques0302 clinical medicineReninMedicine and Health SciencesSecondary Prevention030212 general & internal medicineMyocardial infarctionDiureticsStrokePharmaceuticsRDrugsEnzyme inhibitorsCardiovascular therapyGeneral Medicine3. Good healthHospitalizationStrokeNephrologyCardiovascular DiseasesPhysical SciencesCardiologyMedicineDrug therapyStatistics (Mathematics)Research Articlemedicine.drugAdultmedicine.medical_specialtyEndocrine DisordersCardiologyResearch and Analysis MethodsAngina PectorisDiabetes ComplicationsAngiotensin Receptor Antagonists03 medical and health sciencesDiabetes mellitusInternal medicineRenal DiseasesDiabetes MellitusmedicineHumansStatistical MethodsRenal Insufficiency ChronicPharmacologyHeart FailureCreatinineBiology and life sciencesbusiness.industryOdds ratiomedicine.diseasechemistryMetabolic DisordersHeart failuresistema cardiovascularACE inhibitorEnzymologyKidney Failure ChronicbusinessMathematicsMeta-AnalysisPLOS Medicine
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Effect of short-chain alcohols on surfactant-mediated reversed-phase liquid chromatographic systems.

2010

The behaviour of β-blockers in a reversed-phase liquid chromatographic (RPLC) column with mobile phases containing a short-chain alcohol (methanol, ethanol or 1-propanol), with and without the surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), was explored. Two surfactant-mediated RPLC modes were studied, where the mobile phases contained either micelles or only surfactant monomers at high concentration. Acetonitrile was also considered for comparison purposes. A correlation was found between the effects of the organic solvent on micelle formation (monitored by the drop weight procedure) and on the nature of the chromatographic system (as revealed by the retention, elution strength and peak shape of…

AcetonitrilesAdrenergic beta-Antagonists1-PropanolBiochemistryMicelleAnalytical ChemistryHydrophobic effectchemistry.chemical_compoundSurface-Active AgentsPulmonary surfactantPhase (matter)AcetonitrileMicellesChromatography Reverse-PhaseChromatographyEthanolElutionChemistryMethanolOrganic ChemistryCationic polymerizationSodium Dodecyl SulfateGeneral MedicineReversed-phase chromatographyAlcoholsData Interpretation StatisticalJournal of chromatography. A
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Submicellar and micellar reversed-phase liquid chromatographic modes applied to the separation of beta-blockers.

2009

The behaviour of a reversed-phase liquid chromatographic (RPLC) system (i.e. elution order, resolution and analysis time), used in the analysis of β-blockers with acetonitrile-water mobile phases, changes drastically upon addition of an anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulphate, SDS). Surfactant monomers cover the alkyl-bonded phase in different extent depending on the concentration of both modifiers, in the ranges 1 × 10-3-0.15 M SDS and 5-50% acetonitrile. Meanwhile, the surfactant is dissolved in the mobile phase as free monomers, associated in small clusters or forming micelles. Four characteristic RPLC modes are yielded, with transition regions between them: hydro-organic, micellar, …

AcetonitrilesAdrenergic beta-AntagonistsAnalytical chemistryBiochemistryMicelleSensitivity and SpecificityAnalytical Chemistrychemistry.chemical_compoundPulmonary surfactantSurfactant-mediated chromatographic systemsPhase (matter)Sodium dodecyl sulphateSelectivityAcetonitrileAcetonitrileMicellesChromatographyElutionChemistryOrganic ChemistryCationic polymerizationAnalysis timeSodium Dodecyl SulfateGeneral MedicineReversed-phase chromatographyDirect transfer mechanismModels ChemicalCritical micelle concentrationSolventsβ-BlockersAlgorithmsChromatography LiquidJournal of chromatography. A
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Performance of different C18 columns in reversed-phase liquid chromatography with hydro-organic and micellar-organic mobile phases

2014

Column selection in reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) can become a challenge if the target compounds interact with the silica-based packing. One of such interactions is the attraction of cationic solutes to the free silanols in silica-based columns, which is a slow sorption-desorption interaction process that gives rise to tailed and broad peaks. The effect of silanols is minimised by the addition of a competing agent in the mobile phase, such as the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). In micellar-organic RPLC, the adsorption of an approximately fixed amount of SDS monomers gives rise to a stable modified stationary phase, with properties remarkably different from th…

AcetonitrilesAdrenergic beta-AntagonistsBiochemistryAnalytical ChemistrySurface-Active AgentsAdsorptionPulmonary surfactantPhenolsPhase (matter)Sodium dodecyl sulphateAcetonitrileMicellesChromatography Reverse-PhaseChromatographyElutionChemistryOrganic ChemistryCationic polymerizationC18 columnsSodium Dodecyl SulfateWaterGeneral MedicineReversed-phase chromatographySilanesMicellar liquid chromatographyβ-BlockersAdsorptionSelectivityMicellar liquid chromatography
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Performance of a Chromolith RP-18e column for the screening of β-blockers

2009

The chromatographic performance of a monolithic column (Chromolith RP-18e) was comprehensively examined in the isocratic separation of ten beta-blockers, using ACN-water mobile phases, and compared with the performance of three microparticulate RP columns manufactured with different types of silica: Spherisorb ODS-2, Kromasil C18 and XTerra MS C18. The comparison considered the analysis time, selectivity, peak shape (column efficiency and asymmetry) and resolution, and was extended to a wide range of mobile phase compositions. The Chromolith column showed good performance for the analysis of beta-blockers with regard to the packed columns. In terms of selectivity and analysis time, the grea…

AcetonitrilesChromatographyMonolithic HPLC columnElutionAdrenergic beta-AntagonistsAnalytical chemistryFiltration and SeparationReversed-phase chromatographyBuffersSilicon DioxideHigh-performance liquid chromatographyAnalytical Chemistrychemistry.chemical_compoundSilanolchemistryColumn (typography)Particle SizeSelectivityPorosityTriethylamineChromatography High Pressure LiquidJournal of Separation Science
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Peak half-width plots to study the effect of organic solvents on the peak performance of basic drugs in micellar liquid chromatography.

2009

The addition of the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) to hydro-organic mixtures of methanol, ethanol, propanol or acetonitrile with water yielded enhanced peak shape (i.e. increased efficiencies and symmetrical peaks) for a group of basic drugs (β-blockers) chromatographed with a Kromasil C18 column. The effect can be explained by the thin layer of surfactant associated to the hydrocarbon chain on the stationary phase in the presence of the organic solvents, which covers the free silanols on the siliceous support avoiding their interaction with the cationic basic drugs. These instead interact with the anionic head of the surfactant increasing their retention and allowing a mo…

AcetonitrilesInorganic chemistryAdrenergic beta-AntagonistsBiochemistryMicelleAnalytical ChemistryPropanolchemistry.chemical_compoundPulmonary surfactantBasic compoundsSodium dodecyl sulphatePeak performanceSodium dodecyl sulfateAcetonitrileMicelleschemistry.chemical_classificationChromatographyOrganic ChemistrySodium Dodecyl SulfateGeneral MedicineOrganic solventsHydrocarbonchemistryMicellar liquid chromatographyAlcoholsLinear Modelsβ-BlockersMethanolMicellar liquid chromatographyPeak half-widthsChromatography LiquidJournal of chromatography. A
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Day/night serotonin levels in the pineal gland of male BALB/c mice with melatonin deficiency

1988

Abstract. Studies from another laboratory have shown that several strains of laboratory mice have a genetic defect for melatonin synthesis. In non-deficient species, melatonin synthesis undergoes a typical, β-adrenergically regulated day/night rhythm with low melatonin levels during daytime and high levels at night, the precursor serotonin showing an inverse behaviour. This study examines whether a day/night rhythm of pineal serotonin levels exists in melatonin-deficient male BALB/c mice. Mice kept under a lighting schedule of 12 h light (lights on at 07.00 h) and 12 h dark were killed at 13.00 and 01.00 h, respectively. Serotonin amounted to 12-15 ng/pineal and did not show regular day/nig…

Acetylserotonin O-MethyltransferaseMaleAgonistSerotoninendocrine systemmedicine.medical_specialtyArylamine N-Acetyltransferasemedicine.drug_classEndocrinology Diabetes and MetabolismPineal GlandBALB/cMelatoninMicePineal glandEndocrinologyInternal medicinemedicineAnimalsMelatonin synthesisCircadian rhythmMelatoninchemistry.chemical_classificationMice Inbred BALB CbiologyIsoproterenolGeneral Medicinebiology.organism_classificationCircadian RhythmEnzymeEndocrinologymedicine.anatomical_structurechemistrySerotoninhormones hormone substitutes and hormone antagonistsmedicine.drugActa Endocrinologica
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The pineal complex in Roman high avoidance and Roman low avoidance rats.

1990

Previous studies have shown that the pineal gland of Roman high avoidance (RHA/Verh) rats is larger than that of Roman low avoidance rats (RLA/Verh). In the present study measurement of enzyme activities (serotonin-N-acetyl-transferase, hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase) revealed that pineals of RHA/Verh rats are twice as active in melatonin production than pineals of RLA/Verh rats. Indoleamine content was also higher in RHA/Verh rats, whereas noradrenaline content was the same in both lines. When values were expressed per mg protein, these differences disappeared except for N-acetyl-serotonin and noradrenaline which were higher or lower in RHA/Verh rats, respectively. Both lines had higher…

Acetylserotonin O-MethyltransferaseMaleendocrine systemmedicine.medical_specialtyArylamine N-AcetyltransferaseBiologyPineal GlandPinealocyteMelatoninPineal glandAcetyltransferasesInternal medicinemedicineAvoidance LearningAnimalsCircadian rhythmElectron microscopicBiological PsychiatryMelatoninRadioimmunoassayRats Inbred StrainsMethyltransferasesRatsPsychiatry and Mental healthMicroscopy ElectronEndocrinologymedicine.anatomical_structurenervous systemNeurologyAcetylserotonin O-methyltransferaseSynapsesNeurology (clinical)Dark phasehormones hormone substitutes and hormone antagonistsmedicine.drugJournal of neural transmission. General section
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