Search results for "agreement."
showing 10 items of 235 documents
An adaptation-mitigation game: does adaptation promote participation in international environmental agreements?
2022
AbstractThis paper studies how the investment in adaptation can influence the participation in an international environmental agreement (IEA) when countries decide in adaptation before they choose emissions. Three types of agreements are studied, a mitigation agreement for which countries coordinate their decisions only on emissions; an adaptation agreement for which there is only coordination when countries decide their levels of adaptation and a complete agreement when there is coordination in both emissions and adaptation levels. In every case, we assume that the degree of effectiveness of adaptation is bounded from above, in order words, adaptation can alleviate the environmental proble…
Economic analysis of the international cooperation to face global environmental problems
2013
Because of the doubts about the effectiveness of the Kyoto Protocol, several scholars have asked whether other types of agreements can be designed to achieve large reductions of GHG emissions. Designing a profitable and stable international environmental agreement (IEA) that deals with the shortcomings of Kyoto-type agreement is the main motivation of this work. One idea would be to focus on technology improvements in order to reduce abatement costs, as this might increase a country's willingness to undertake significant emission reductions. For example, it could be beneficial to supplement a Kyoto-type agreement with technology elements if technological development depends not only on a co…
Characteristics of environmental treaties (remarks on the background of polish law)
2018
The subject of the study is an indication of the characteristics of international agreements in the field of environmental protection. The analysis of environmental international agreements allows for the formulation of several characteristics, generally assuming that these contracts are not different from other international agreements in the national legal order and are subject to thesame legal regime at international level. Characteristics include: institutionalization of treaties, specific design, susceptibility to change due to scientific progress, sectorality and subject and formal diversity. The author is aware that studying the basics of environmental protection can lead to the sepa…
Self-enforcing international environmental agreements revisited
2004
In Barrett's (1994) paper on transboundary pollution abatement is shown that if the signatories of an international environmental agreement act in a Stackelberg fashion, then, depending on parameter values, a self-enforcing IEA can have any number of signatories between two and the grand coalition. Barrett obtains this result using numerical simulations and also ignoring the fact that emissions must be non-negative. Recent attempts to use analytical approaches and to explicitly recognize the non-negativity constraints have suggested that the number of signatories of a stable IEA may be very small. The way such papers have dealt with non-negativity constraints is to restrict parameter values…
Cooperation on Readmission in the Mediterranean Area and its Human Rights Implications
Questo lavoro analizza la ‘dimensione esterna’ delle politiche migratorie dell’Unione Europea e dei suoi Stati membri concentrandosi su strumenti, politiche e pratiche di cooperazione internazionale in materia di riammissione, rimpatrio e partenariato per la mobilità con Paesi terzi nell’area mediterranea. In particolare, lo scopo di questo studio è di analizzare criticamente le politiche europee e bilaterali in materia di riammissione, indagando da un lato il crescente ricorso a strumenti di cooperazione internazionale di tipo informale e di natura quasi-giuridica o politica, e dall’altro l’impatto di tali strumenti sul rispetto degli standard internazionali e sovranazionali di tutela dei …
Gli interessi giuridici sottesi agli strumenti di composizione delle controversie fiscali internazionali ed il (correlato) problema dell’effettiva tu…
2021
L’emanazione della Direttiva 2017/1852 del Consiglio ed il recepimento della stessa da parte del D.lgs. 10 giugno 2020, n. 49, hanno rinnovato ed accresciuto l’attenzione verso il tema degli interessi giuridici sottesi alle procedure di soluzione delle controversie fiscali internazionali. In particolare, proprio lo strumento unionale pone la questione del grado di intensità di tutela degli interessi del contribuente e del “ruolo” che deve essere riconosciuto allo stesso all’interno delle procedure. V’è, da un canto, l’interesse del contribuente a che gli Stati recepiscano quegli strumenti nella pienezza delle loro previsioni; ma v’è anche un interesse diverso e più pregnante che riguarda il…
El consorcio contractual de I+D+i. Un instrumento de cooperación científica, tecnológica e industrial
2021
La cooperación con otras entidades es una de las vías seguidas por las empresas para optimizar sus productos o procesos; es decir, para llevar a cabo sus actividades de I+D+i (investigación científica, desarrollo tecnológico e innovación industrial). Comporta la formación de un consorcio con universidades, organismos de investigación y/u otras empresas, cuya misión será ejecutar conjuntamente un proyecto de I+D y, en muchos casos, explotar sus resultados de manera concertada. Dichos consorcios de I+D+i han ido cobrando relevancia en las últimas décadas, avivados por los programas de ayudas públicas que incentivan su creación. Sin embargo, a pesar de ser numerosos los autores que los han est…
Personality assessment and self-other rating agreement : moderators and implications of agreement
2017
One essential aspect of personality test validation is to estimate the magnitude of self-other agreement of personality ratings. In this method, external observers form their personality judgements of the target person. The self-other agreement coefficients obtained provide approximations of the validity of the measure used. The magnitude of self-other agreement on personality has also proven to be useful in explaining real-life criteria, such as managerial performance. The main aim in this research was to study self-other agreement of personality ratings in various organizational contexts. First, the overall magnitude of self-other agreement was examined in a personnel selection sample; se…
On Capturing Oil Rents with a National Excise Tax Revisited
2004
In this paper the scope of Bergstrom’s (1982) results is studied. Moreover, his analysis is extended assuming that extraction cost is directly related to accumulated extractions. For the case of a competitive market it is found that the optimal policy is a constant tariff if extraction is costless. However, with depletion effects, the optimal tariff must ultimately be decreasing. For the case of a monopolistic market the results depend crucially on the kind of strategies the importing country governments can play and on whether the monopolist chooses the price or extraction rate. For a price-setting monopolist it is shown that the importing countries cannot use a tariff to capture monopoly …
Are Energy Market Integrations a Green Light for FDI?
2015
This paper studies the effect of energy market integration (EMI) on foreign direct investment (FDI). EMIs diminish energy uncertainty and price volatility in the host country and affect FDI through two channels: first, by harmonizing energy prices and, second, by reducing price dispersion. FDI may, as a result, increase both within and outside the EMI area, through energy stability mechanisms and price mechanisms, respectively. An empirical application on a global dataset including bilateral FDI data, during 2003-2012, using the gravity equation, shows that the integration of Portugal and Spain's electricity market in 2007 increased the amount of FDI's participants. Additionally, a positive…