Search results for "agreements."
showing 10 items of 55 documents
Characteristics of environmental treaties (remarks on the background of polish law)
2018
The subject of the study is an indication of the characteristics of international agreements in the field of environmental protection. The analysis of environmental international agreements allows for the formulation of several characteristics, generally assuming that these contracts are not different from other international agreements in the national legal order and are subject to thesame legal regime at international level. Characteristics include: institutionalization of treaties, specific design, susceptibility to change due to scientific progress, sectorality and subject and formal diversity. The author is aware that studying the basics of environmental protection can lead to the sepa…
Self-enforcing international environmental agreements revisited
2004
In Barrett's (1994) paper on transboundary pollution abatement is shown that if the signatories of an international environmental agreement act in a Stackelberg fashion, then, depending on parameter values, a self-enforcing IEA can have any number of signatories between two and the grand coalition. Barrett obtains this result using numerical simulations and also ignoring the fact that emissions must be non-negative. Recent attempts to use analytical approaches and to explicitly recognize the non-negativity constraints have suggested that the number of signatories of a stable IEA may be very small. The way such papers have dealt with non-negativity constraints is to restrict parameter values…
Gli interessi giuridici sottesi agli strumenti di composizione delle controversie fiscali internazionali ed il (correlato) problema dell’effettiva tu…
2021
L’emanazione della Direttiva 2017/1852 del Consiglio ed il recepimento della stessa da parte del D.lgs. 10 giugno 2020, n. 49, hanno rinnovato ed accresciuto l’attenzione verso il tema degli interessi giuridici sottesi alle procedure di soluzione delle controversie fiscali internazionali. In particolare, proprio lo strumento unionale pone la questione del grado di intensità di tutela degli interessi del contribuente e del “ruolo” che deve essere riconosciuto allo stesso all’interno delle procedure. V’è, da un canto, l’interesse del contribuente a che gli Stati recepiscano quegli strumenti nella pienezza delle loro previsioni; ma v’è anche un interesse diverso e più pregnante che riguarda il…
On Capturing Oil Rents with a National Excise Tax Revisited
2004
In this paper the scope of Bergstrom’s (1982) results is studied. Moreover, his analysis is extended assuming that extraction cost is directly related to accumulated extractions. For the case of a competitive market it is found that the optimal policy is a constant tariff if extraction is costless. However, with depletion effects, the optimal tariff must ultimately be decreasing. For the case of a monopolistic market the results depend crucially on the kind of strategies the importing country governments can play and on whether the monopolist chooses the price or extraction rate. For a price-setting monopolist it is shown that the importing countries cannot use a tariff to capture monopoly …
Are Energy Market Integrations a Green Light for FDI?
2015
This paper studies the effect of energy market integration (EMI) on foreign direct investment (FDI). EMIs diminish energy uncertainty and price volatility in the host country and affect FDI through two channels: first, by harmonizing energy prices and, second, by reducing price dispersion. FDI may, as a result, increase both within and outside the EMI area, through energy stability mechanisms and price mechanisms, respectively. An empirical application on a global dataset including bilateral FDI data, during 2003-2012, using the gravity equation, shows that the integration of Portugal and Spain's electricity market in 2007 increased the amount of FDI's participants. Additionally, a positive…
La ignorada acción directa del arrendatario-usuario en el contrato de leasing
2020
En los contratos de leasing cuando el usuario resuelve la compraventa del bien arrendado por inhabilidad absoluta “aliud pro alio” se producen daños patrimoniales personales del actor. Estos daños no tienen cabida en la cesión de acciones que efectúa la sociedad de leasing. La acción directa es el único mecanismo jurídico que permite reclamar esos daños. In leasing contracts when the user resolves the sale of the leased property by absolute inability “aliud pro alio”, damages usually take place in its patrimony
Jurisdiction in cases of divorce, legal separation or marriage annulment
2021
The subject of coordination is fundamental for the functioning of jurisdictional rules of the Regulation n.2016/1103 on matrimonial property regimes and Regulation n.2016/1104 on the property consequences of registered partnerships. Both Property Regimes Regulations have the purpose of gathering litigation before the courts of one Member State and have the related procedures managed by the courts of the same Member State. Recital 34 of Regulation No. 2016/1103 specifies that matters of matrimonial property regime related to proceedings pending before the court of a member state hearing an application for divorce, legal separation or marriage annulment should be dealt with by the courts of t…
Regional currencies and regional monetary zones in Latin America : what prospects ?
2009
9 p.; This paper aims at drawing lessons from Keynes's plan presented at the Bretton Woods conference, in order to help improving current regional monetary agreements in Latin America. Some promoters of the Bank of the South and the New Financial Architecture in Latin America are proposing to implement a regional clearing system designed to allow a multilateral offsetting of the liabilities and assets generated in the reciprocal transactions of member countries in words that the British economist certainly would not have denied. This system would be very different from current regional payments aggreements that maintain an implicit reference to the US dollar as reserve or payment currency.
Regional currencies and regional monetary zones in Latin America : whats prospects ?
2010
International audience; Reducing transaction costs and the need for international reserves is a primary objective to the establishment of regional payment agreements. Another objective, especially in the case of Latin America where the Ecuadorian promoters of the Bank of the South (Banco del Sur) and the New Regional Financial Architecture are planning the implementation of a regional clearing system, is to reduce member countries' dependence on the U.S. dollar as an international standard and reserve currency. To help improve the design of such agreements, this paper refers to the plan Keynes designed for the Bretton Woods conference. First, it observes that cases were made against this pl…
Party autonomy regarding jurisdiction under the property regimes regulations
2021
The main accomplishment of the Property Regimes Regulations lies in their bringing more coherence into the cross-border family law adjudication. In the field of international jurisdiction, they strive to align the competence in couples? patrimony disputes to that in succession and in separation proceedings, or else to align the competence of the courts to the applicable law. These tendencies are clearly visible in the Regulations? provisions on choice of court agreements. Namely, the Regulations allow for such agreements, but severely limit parties? choice and the possible effects of these clauses. When succession or separation proceedings are pending, it is often only possible to institute…