Search results for "ahdistuneisuus"
showing 10 items of 18 documents
Generalization gradients for fear and disgust in human associative learning
2021
AbstractPrevious research indicates that excessive fear is a critical feature in anxiety disorders; however, recent studies suggest that disgust may also contribute to the etiology and maintenance of some anxiety disorders. It remains unclear if differences exist between these two threat-related emotions in conditioning and generalization. Evaluating different patterns of fear and disgust learning would facilitate a deeper understanding of how anxiety disorders develop. In this study, 32 college students completed threat conditioning tasks, including conditioned stimuli paired with frightening or disgusting images. Fear and disgust were divided into two randomly ordered blocks to examine di…
Social exclusion influences conditioned fear acquisition and generalization: A mediating effect from the medial prefrontal cortex
2020
Abstract Fear acquisition and generalization play key roles in promoting the survival of mammals and contribute to anxiety disorders. While previous research has provided much evidence for the repercussions of social exclusion on mental health, how social exclusion affects fear acquisition and generalization has received scant attention. In our study, participants were divided into two groups according to two Cyberball paradigm conditions (exclusion/inclusion). Both groups underwent a Pavlovian conditioning paradigm, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), and skin conductance response (SCR) assessments. We aimed to determine the effects of social exclusion on fear acquisition and ge…
Predicting the working alliance over the course of long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy with the Rorschach Ego Impairment Index, self-reported defen…
2021
Better therapeutic alliances are known to predict better treatment outcomes, but little knowledge still exists on the patient characteristics that lead to better alliances. In a sample of 128 outpatients assigned to long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and suffering from mood and/or anxiety disorder, this study evaluated how the alliance, measured using the Working Alliance Inventory (WAI), is predicted by three different measures for assessing psychological resources and vulnerabilities: the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Revised (WAIS–R), the Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ), and the Rorschach-based Ego Impairment Index (EII-2). All the three measures showed some ability to predict t…
Ahdistaako koululiikunta? : yhdeksäsluokkalaisten ahdistuneisuuskokemukset koulun liikuntatunneilla
2014
TIIVISTELMÄ Lari Sädekoski (2014). Ahdistaako koululiikunta? Yhdeksäsluokkalaisten ahdistuneisuusko-kemukset koulun liikuntatunneilla. Liikuntakasvatuksen laitos. Jyväskylän Yliopisto. Liikunta-pedagogiikan pro gradu – tutkielma. 79 s, 2 liitettä. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli selvittää peruskoulun yhdeksäsluokkalaisten tyttöjen ja poikien kokemaa tilanneahdistuneisuutta koulun liikuntatunneilla. Aihe on tärkeä, koska vielä murros-iässä elävät yläkouluikäiset nuoret ovat alttiita kielteisille kokemuksille, ja yleisesti kouluviih-tyvyys on Suomessa varsin heikkoa. Tilanneahdistuneisuutta mittaavat osa-alueet olivat so-maattinen ja kognitiivinen ahdistuneisuus sekä huolestuneisuus. Tarkoituksen…
Common and separable behavioral and neural mechanisms underlie the generalization of fear and disgust
2021
Generalization represents the transfer of a conditioned responses to stimuli that resemble the conditioned stimulus (CS). Previous studies on generalization of defensive avoidance responses have primarily focused on fear and have neglected disgust generalization, which represents a key pathological mechanism in some anxiety disorders. In the present study we examined common and distinct mechanisms of fear and disgust generalization by means of a fear or disgust multi-CS conditioning and generalization paradigm with concomitant event-related potential (ERPs) acquisition in n = 62 subjects. We demonstrate that compared to fear, disgust-relevant generalized stimuli (GS) elicited larger expecta…
Rationaalis emotiivis behavioraalisen terapian (REBT) vaikutukset pesäpalloilijoiden kilpailuahdistuneisuuteen, itseluottamukseen ja urheiluun liitty…
1997
Conditioned generalisation in generalised anxiety disorder : the role of concurrent perceptual and conceptual cues
2021
Previous research in extinction indicates no difference in US expectancies for aversive and non-aversive unconditioned stimuli (USs). In this study, we bridged these topics by examining how concurrent perceptual and conceptual cues influence conditioned generalisation of generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) patients by using non-aversive USs. The study included two consecutive phases: acquisition and generalisation. In the acquisition phase, we used blue and purple images as the perceptually conditioned stimuli, images of animals and household items as the conceptually conditioned stimuli, and non-aversive images as unconditioned stimuli (US). In the generalisation phase, we used images conta…
Intranasal oxytocin decreases fear generalization in males, but does not modulate discrimination threshold
2021
Background: A previously acquired fear response often spreads to perceptually or conceptually close stimuli or contexts. This process, known as fear generalization, facilitates the avoidance of danger, and dysregulations in this process play an important role in anxiety disorders. Oxytocin (OT) has been shown to modulate fear learning, yet effects on fear generalization remain unknown. Methods: We employed a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, between-subject design during which healthy male participants received either intranasal OT or placebo (PLC) following fear acquisition and before fear generalization with concomitant acquisition of skin conductance responses (SCRs). Twenty-…
Diary of an anxious soul and how pole dancing saved me : an autoethnography
2017
Þórhallsdóttir, Sveindís. (2017). Diary of an anxious soul and how pole dancing saved me: An autoethnography. Master’s thesis in sport and exercise psychology. Faculty of Sport Sciences. University of Jyväskylä. 150p. In this thesis, I use narrative reflection from an evocative autoethnographic standpoint to explore the multifaceted interaction between stereotypes, norms and values and their effect on my perception of my own worth, my battle with generalized anxiety disorder and with my cognitive dissonance fused frustration related to discovering and enjoying a highly stigmatized recreational activity – recreational pole dancing. The text features analysis of important events in my life in…