Search results for "ail"
showing 10 items of 6632 documents
A new C12 alcohol identified as a sex pheromone and a trail-following pheromone in termites: the diene (Z,Z)-dodeca-3,6-dien-1-ol
2003
0028-1042 (Print) Journal Article; The diunsaturated C12 alcohol (Z,Z)-dodeca-3,6-dien-1-ol (dodecadienol) has been characterized by GC-MS and FTIR as a novel releaser pheromone in termites. This alcohol identified in Ancistrotermes pakistanicus (Termitidae, Macrotermitinae) possesses a double pheromonal function which again illustrates the chemical parsimony of termites compared with other social insects. In workers, dodecadienol elicits trail-following at a very low concentration (activity threshold at 0.1 pg/cm of trail); in male alates it induces trail-following at a low concentration (1-10 pg/cm) and sexual attraction at a higher concentration (about 1 ng). Traces of the monounsaturate…
Influence of composition on mechanical properties of strawberry gels. Compression test and texture profile analysis / Influencia de la composición de…
1999
Fruit gels were prepared containing four levels (20, 40, 60 and 80%) of strawberry pulp, four levels (0.5, 0.7, 0.9 and 1.1 %) of hydrocolloids (kappa-carrageenan plus locust bean gum, 1:1) and two levels (0, 10%) of sucrose. Their mechanical properties were analyzed by compression (failure stress and failure strain) and by texture profile analysis, TPA (hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, adhesive ness, and chewiness). Addition of hydrocolloids produced expected increases in both stress and strain at failure. Sucrose increased failure stress but did not alter strain values. Increasing the pulp content from 20 to 80% resulted in a slight increase in stress and clearly lowered strain at fa…
Mediterranean forage legumes grown alone or in mixture with annual ryegrass: biomass production, N2 fixation, and indices of intercrop efficiency
2016
Aims: To evaluate the productivity and N2 fixation of a range of Mediterranean forage legume species as well as their ability to be grown in mixture with a forage grass, and to verify whether N transfer occurs from the legume to the non-legume component of the mixtures and, if so, to what extent this process is affected by legume species. Methods: Seven legume species (Hedysarum coronarium L., Medicago scutellata L., Trifolium resupinatum L., Trifolium squarrosum L., Trigonella foenum-graecum L., Vicia sativa L., Vicia villosa Roth) were grown alone or in mixture with annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.). Biomass and N yields and biological N2 fixation (15N dilution technique) were measu…
Differences in time and space use between two sympatric Acrocephalus warblers with similar diets
2016
Capsule: We found high diet overlap and different uses of space and time between Moustached Warblers Acrocephalus melanopogon and Reed Warblers Acrocephalus scirpaceus breeding in sympatry at a marshland in Spain. Aims: To study the degree of diet overlap between both species, their space use on a local scale and their breeding phenologies. Methods: We studied the breeding phenologies of the two species by standardized ringing activity. Spatial distribution was investigated by point counts. We determined diet composition from emetic samples and we collected invertebrates by standardized sweep-netting to estimate food availability. Results: Diet and prey selection were similar among species.…
Citrinin Dietary Exposure Assessment Approach through Human Biomonitoring High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry-Based Data.
2021
Citrinin (CIT) is a scarcely studied mycotoxin within foodstuffs, so the biomonitoring of this toxin and its metabolite dihydrocitrinone (DH-CIT) in biological samples represents the main alternative to estimate the exposure. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the presence of CIT and DH-CIT in 300 urine samples from Italian individuals in order to assess the exposure. Quantification was performed through an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS)-based methodology. CIT was quantified in 47% of samples (n = 300) up to 4.0 ng/mg Crea (mean = 0.29 ng/mg Crea), whereas DH-CIT was quantified in 21% of samples up to 2.5 ng/mg Crea (me…
Cover Crop and Pruning Residue Management to Reduce Nitrogen Mineral Fertilization in Mediterranean Vineyards
2021
This paper aimed to study the effect of temporary cover crop and vine pruning residue burial as alternative practices to conventional tillage on soil nitrate (NO3-N) availability and grapevine performance in the short term. The trial was carried out in a rain-fed vineyard (Vitis vinifera L., cv Grecanico dorato/140 Ruggeri) located in a traditional Mediterranean viticultural area (37°
Cross-resistance to aryloxyphenoxypropionate and cyclohexanedione herbicides in foxtail millet (Setaria italica)
1997
Abstract Nearly isogenic backcrossed populations of foxtail millet ( Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.), resistant and susceptible to sethoxydim, were used in dose response analysis to seven acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase inhibiting herbicides, aryloxyphenoxypropionate, and cyclohexanedione. Mortality and fresh and dry weights were recorded at the seedling stage. Results of greenhouse experiments showed that the resistant type was cross-resistant to all tested herbicides. Sethoxydim only was completely safe for the crop while three other herbicides had a moderate effect on the growth of resistant plants at recommended field doses. The last three herbicides had too high a toxicity to be used on mil…
Identification of multi-component trail pheromones in the most evolutionarily derived termites, the Nasutitermitinae (Termitidae)
2009
In the present study, trail pheromone blends are identified for the first time in termites. In the phylogenetically complex Nasutitermitinae, trail-following pheromones are composed of dodecatrienol and neocembrene, the proportions of which vary according to species, although neocembrene is always more abundant than dodecatrienol (by 25–250-fold). Depending on species, termites were more sensitive to dodecatrienol or to neocembrene but the association of both components always elicited significantly higher trail following, with a clear synergistic effect in most of the studied species. A third component, trinervitatriene, was identified in the sternal gland secretion of several species, but…
Patterns of movement of released female brown bears in the Cantabrian Mountains, northwestern Spain
2017
Between 2008 and 2013, 3 female brown bears (Ursus arctos; 2 cubs-of-the-year and 1 2-yr-old) were rescued, rehabilitated in captivity, radiotagged, and released back to the Cantabrian Mountains, northwestern Spain. We characterized their daily and seasonal movements post-release to gain insights into their movement strategies and the viability of bears released in human-dominated environments. The bears exhibited marked diurnal activity and were active throughout winter. Two bears demonstrated behaviors similar to those reported for wild bears, whereas one cub-of-the-year was recaptured after 21 days because she developed signs of habituation to humans.
Improvement of Analytical Conditions of Mineral Caco-2 Cell Uptake Assays
2004
Caco-2 cell mineral uptake assays are used to estimate the bioavailability of minerals from foods. The uptake of minerals by Caco-2 cells can be affected by several factors – particularly the conditions of the in vitro digestion process and the growth conditions of the cell culture. Therefore, a standardisation of the assays conditions is required to obtain reproducible results. This work determined the effect of enzyme demineralisation, the inactivation of the proteolytic activity of the digest and the replacement of distilled-deionised water by cell culture degree water. Treatment with Chelex-100 resin was applied to remove calcium, iron and zinc from pepsin and pancreatin-bile salts. Th…