Search results for "airway obstruction"

Bodyplethysmographischer Wirkeintritt von Formoterol bei Patienten mit mittel- bis schwergradiger partiell reversibler Atemwegsobstruktion

2002

BACKGROUND Formoterol is a long acting beta2-agonist used for the treatment of obstructive airway diseases. Compared with Salmeterol, Formoterol has a rapid onset of bronchodilation. There are only scant data regarding the comparative onset of action using bodyplethysmography in moderate to severely obstructive patients. METHODS In a mono-center, single-blinded parallel group study 60 patients (age: 61.9 +/- 12.8 years, 65 % male) with moderate to severe (mean FEV(1) 40.6 +/- 15.3 % of predicted), partially reversible (FEV(1) post bronchodilator > 15 % from baseline) airway obstruction were treated with either formoterol 12 microg bid or salmeterol 50 microg bid over a period of two weeks. …

Asthma in the elderly: a different disease?

2016

Key points Asthma in the elderly can be difficult to identify due to modifications of its clinical features and functional characteristics. Several comorbidities are associated with asthma in the elderly, and this association differs from that observed in younger patients. In clinical practice, physicians should treat comorbidities that are correlated with asthma (i.e. rhinitis or gastro-oesophageal reflux), assess comorbidities that may influence asthma outcomes (i.e. depression or cognitive impairment) and try to prevent comorbidities related to ­‘drug-associated side-effects (i.e. cataracts, arrhythmias or osteoporosis). “Geriatric asthma” should be the preferred term because it implies …

Unstable control of breathing can lead to ineffective noninvasive ventilation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

2019

Upper airway obstruction with decreased central drive (ODCD) is one of the causes of ineffective noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The aim of this study is to determine the mechanism responsible for ODCD in ALS patients using NIV. This is a prospective study that included ALS patients with home NIV. Severity of bulbar dysfunction was assessed with the Norris scale bulbar subscore; data on upper or lower bulbar motor neuron predominant dysfunction on physical examination were collected. Polysomnography was performed on every patient while using NIV and the ODCD index (ODCDI: number of ODCD events/total sleep time) was calculated. To determine the possible …

Which factors affect the choice of the inhaler in chronic obstructive respiratory diseases?

2015

Inhalation is the preferred route of drug administration in chronic respiratory diseases because it optimises delivery of the active compounds to the targeted site and minimises side effects from systemic distribution. The choice of a device should be made after careful evaluation of the patient's clinical condition (degree of airway obstruction, comorbidities), as well as their ability to coordinate the inhalation manoeuvre and to generate sufficient inspiratory flow. These patient factors must be aligned with the specific advantages and limitations of each inhaler when making this important choice. Finally, adherence to treatment is not the responsibility of the patient alone, but should …

The use of bronchodilators in the treatment of airway obstruction in elderly patients

2006

Abstract Ageing is associated with important anatomical, physiological and psychosocial changes that may have an impact on the management of obstructive airway diseases (asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)) and on their optimal therapy. Ageing-related modifications might be responsible for a different effectiveness of bronchodilators in the elderly patients as compared to younger subjects. Furthermore, the physiological involution of organs and the frequent comorbidity, often interfere with pharmacokinetics of bronchodilator drugs used in asthma and COPD. This review will focus on the use of bronchodilators in the elderly, with particular attention to the achievable goal…

Persistence of both reversible airway obstruction and higher blood eosinophils may predict lung function decline in severe asthma.

2021

Objective: This study analysed whether the persistence of both reversible airway obstruction (RAO) and elevated BE counts was associated to reduced asthma control and accelerated lung function decline in treated severe asthmatics. Methods: About 202 severe asthmatics were studied after 12–120 months of step-5 treatment associated to anti-IgE therapy. Following treatments, reversibility tests, after inhaling 400 mcg of Salbutamol, were performed. FEV1 > 12% or ≤12% changes differentiated RAO+ from RAO− subjects. Blood eosinophil (BE) counts after treatment were considered. Results: Pre-/post-treatment bronchodilator FEV1% and ACT were lower (61% [50–71], 74.4% [62.5–83.7] and 20[18–22]), …

Airway obstruction in relation to symptoms in chronic respiratory disease—a nationally representative population study

2000

Abstract We examined the severity of airway obstruction and the occurrence of respiratory symptoms in a large, nationally representative population sample and in a subgroup of subjects with chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema to obtain information for developing national prevention and treatment strategies for these diseases. The study population comprised of 7217 randomly selected subjects (aged 30 years and older) who participated in a comprehensive health examination survey. The ‘cases' were subjects diagnosed as having chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema. The survey methods comprised of questionnaires, interviews, physical measurements, including spirometry, and clinical examinations. I…

Extreme ameloblastoma of the mandible with hypoproteinemia. A case report and review of clinicopathological features

2011

Ameloblastoma is a tumor of odontogenic epithelium. It has an intermediate malignant potential, thus positioning it in a gray zone between benign and malignant neoplasms. Invasive ameloblastomas of excessive size are rarely confronted. Although these ameloblastomas are benign, they are life threatening. Many have eventuated in death due to airway obstruction, starvation from restriction of feeding, and complications of hypoproteinemia. These tumors cause significant expansion of skin and lips [tissue expanders]. Due to its metabolic demands, a tumor of enormous size will have numerous feeding vessels. Patients with extreme ameloblastomas are usually from rural areas of developing countries …

¿Está todo dicho sobre la vía aérea difícil? Otros enfoques son posibles

2009

The Combitube, Self-Inflating Bulb, and Colorimetric Carbon Dioxide Detector to Advance Airway Management in the First Echelon of the Battlefield

2006

Combat lifesavers and Army medics are regular combat soldiers who possess skills that enable them to provide lifesaving assistance to combat casualties. Although their training is not equal to that of paramedics, combat lifesavers and Army medics are trained to assess casualties for airway obstruction, as well as the presence or absence of spontaneous ventilation. They are also familiar with the same basic airway maneuvers that are required for blind insertion of the esophageal-tracheal double-lumen airway (ETDLA). Use of the ETDLA in combination with an esophageal detector device and a colorimetric carbon dioxide detector would require skill similar to that which they already possess in pe…