Search results for "alcoholism"
showing 10 items of 184 documents
Neuroesteroides y adicción alcohólica
2007
Los neuroesteroides (NE) son esteroides sintetizados de novo en el SNC a partir del colesterol independientemente de las fuentes periféricas. NE como la allopregnanolona (AlloP) actúan como moduladores positivos endógenos del receptor GABAA, acción similar a la del alcohol y que se relaciona con aspectos de la adicción alcohólica como la tolerancia, el síndrome de abstinencia (SAA), o los efectos ansiolíticos. La AlloP sustituye al alcohol en paradigmas de drug discrimination . Este hecho, junto a toda otra serie de pruebas experimentales muestra que los NE participan de manera importante en la adicción alcohólica. El consumo de alcohol provoca un aumento de la concentración de AlloP en pla…
Gender differences in axis I and axis II comorbidity in patients with borderline personality disorder.
2008
<i>Background/Aims:</i> Differences in the clinical presentation of men and women with borderline personality disorder (BPD) are of potential interest for investigations into the neurobiology, genetics, natural history, and treatment response of BPD. The purpose of this study was to investigate gender differences in axis I and axis II comorbidity and in diagnostic criteria in BPD patients. <i>Methods:</i> 110 women and 49 men with BPD were assessed with the computer-based version of the Munich-Composite International Diagnostic Interview and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Personality Disorders. Gender differences were investigated for the following outc…
Possible association between OPRM1 genetic variance at the 118 locus and alcohol dependence in a large treatment sample: relationship to alcohol depe…
2012
Background Several lines of evidence from previous research indicate that opioid receptors play an important role in ethanol reinforcement and alcohol dependence (AD) risk. Conflicting results were reported on the role of the mu-opioid receptor (OPRM1) polymorphism A118G (Asn40Asp, rs1799971) in the development of alcoholism. Methods We investigated a total number of 1,845 alcohol-dependent subjects recruited from inpatient facilities in Germany and 1,863 controls for the mu-opioid receptor (OPRM1) polymorphism using chi-square statistics. Results An association between the OPRM variant and AD was detected (p = 0.022), in recessive (AA vs. GA/GG) and co-dominant (AA vs. GA) models of inheri…
Efficacy and safety of sorafenib in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: subanalyses of a phase III trial.
2012
BACKGROUND & AIMS: The Sorafenib Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) Assessment Randomized Protocol (SHARP) trial demonstrated that sorafenib improves overall survival and is safe for patients with advanced HCC. In this trial, 602 patients with well-preserved liver function (>95% Child-Pugh A) were randomized to receive either sorafenib 400mg or matching placebo orally b.i.d. on a continuous basis. Because HCC is a heterogeneous disease, baseline patient characteristics may affect individual responses to treatment. In a comprehensive series of exploratory subgroup analyses, data from the SHARP trial were analyzed to discern if baseline patient characteristics influenced the efficacy and safety o…
Bipolar disorder comorbid with alcohol use disorder: focus on neurocognitive correlates
2015
Bipolar disorder (BD) and alcohol use disorders (AUDs) are usually comorbid, and both have been associated with significant neurocognitive impairment. Patients with the BD-AUD comorbidity (dual diagnosis) may have more severe neurocognitive deficits than those with a single diagnosis, but there is paucity of research in this area. To explore this hypothesis more thoroughly, we carried out a systematic literature review through January 2015. Eight studies have examined the effect of AUDs on the neurocognitive functioning of BD patients. Most studies found that BD patients with current or past history of comorbid AUDs show more severe impairments, especially in verbal memory and executive cog…
The relationship between bipolar disorder and alcoholism: a controlled family study.
1995
SYNOPSISBipolar disorder and alcoholism are familial disorders. The familial–genetic relationship between both is controversial and has received insufficient study. This study explores whether bipolar disorder and alcoholism share familial risk factors, and whether the co-occurrence of lifetime diagnosis of bipolar disorder and alcoholism is familial. We report on first-degree relatives of 146 consecutively admitted patients with either bipolar disorder or/and alcoholism; relatives of the patients (in total 728 relatives directly interviewed) were compared with first-degree relatives of 109 general population probands (320 relatives directly interviewed). Overlap between the familial compon…
Mujeres dependientes de alcohol o cocaína: un estudio comparativo desde una perspectiva cualitativa
2008
-josefa.gomez@uv.es Objetivo: Realizar un análisis comparativo de los comportamientos sociales de las mujeres alcohólicas respecto a las cocainómanas. Material y métodos: Se han estudiado seis mujeres alcohólicas y seis mujeres cocainómanas en tratamiento ambulatorio, mediante la técnica del relato de vida. La información fue analizada utilizando la Grounded Theory. Resultados: Las mujeres alcohólicas adquieren la dependencia a través de un consumo progresivo, mientras que las cocainómanas se inician a partir de un hecho concreto, relacionándolo con la pareja consumidora y/o la búsqueda de placer. Un estigma social, que se manifiesta en las mujeres adictas, es el relacionado con el incumpli…
AUDIT, AUDIT-C y AR2I para evaluar el Binge Drinking en universitarios españoles
2020
La identificación de los jóvenes que realizan un consumo intensivo de alcohol (CIA) es una prioridad en el ámbito de la prevención e intervención, dadas las consecuencias bio-psico-sociales que genera. Objetivo. Verificar qué versión del AUDIT constituye el instrumento de screening más adecuado en esta población, partiendo de una operacionalización más precisa del CIA. Método. Se ha realizado un muestreo de conveniencia en el que han participado 190 jóvenes consumidores de alcohol entre 18 y 22 años (73.7% mujeres), que cumplimentaron un autoregistro de consumo de alcohol, el AUDIT y AR2I. Resultados. El análisis de conglomerados por sexos muestra 5 grupos de jóvenes CIA, en función de la e…
Neuropsychological status of alcohol-dependent patients: increased performance through goal-setting instructions.
2004
Aims: The effects of goal-setting instructions on neuropsychological performance of alcohol-dependent patients and control subjects were assessed. Methods: 57 alcohol-dependent patients and 59 carefully age- and education-matched healthy control subjects underwent standard neuropsychological investigation. In addition, the goal-setting paradigm was used to systematically manipulate motivation. Participants were requested to calculate simple mathematical problems repeatedly within phases of a 2-min duration receiving normal or goal setting-instructions (to increase performance in the next phase by 20%). Results: The patients demonstrated deficits in standard neuropsychological tests. Patient…
Adverse childhood experiences and impact on quality of life in adulthood: development and validation of a short difcult childhood questionnaire in a …
2021
Abstract Purpose A short adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) measure is needed with non-intrusive items that include subjective evaluations of childhood. We validated a short Difficult Childhood Questionnaire (DCQ) that assesses ACEs using personal perceptions of events. Methods The study relied on 2019 data from a representative survey (N = 28,047) in Norway. We examined the DCQ’s factor structure, internal consistency, and discriminant validity in a multi-group confirmatory factor analysis. As a group variable, we used whether the respondent had the ACE of parental alcohol use disorder (adult children of alcoholics; ACOA). To assess the DCQ’s convergent validity, we used latent regressio…