Search results for "algorithm"

showing 10 items of 4887 documents

Physics, Techniques and Review of Neuroradiological Applications of Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging (DKI)

2016

In recent years many papers about diagnostic applications of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) have been published. This is because DTI allows to evaluate in vivo and in a non-invasive way the process of diffusion of water molecules in biological tissues. However, the simplified description of the diffusion process assumed in DTI does not permit to completely map the complex underlying cellular components and structures, which hinder and restrict the diffusion of water molecules. These limitations can be partially overcome by means of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI). The aim of this paper is the description of the theory of DKI, a new topic of growing interest in radiology. DKI is a higher or…

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)computer.software_genreSensitivity and Specificity030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineSettore MED/36 - Diagnostica per Immagini e RadioterapiaImage Interpretation Computer-AssistedHumansPreprocessorRadiology Nuclear Medicine and imagingMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI)Diffusion (business)DKIDiffusion Kurtosis ImagingParametric statisticsPhysicsBrain DiseasesDiffusion weighted imaging (DWI)Reproducibility of ResultsBrainSettore MED/37 - NeuroradiologiaImage EnhancementWhite MatterSettore FIS/07 - Fisica Applicata(Beni Culturali Ambientali Biol.e Medicin)Acquisition ProtocolDiffusion Magnetic Resonance ImagingDiffusion Tensor ImagingNeuroradiologyDiffusion processDTIDWI NeuroradiologyDiffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI)Settore MED/26 - NeurologiaNeurology (clinical)Data miningBrain; Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI); Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI); Diffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI); Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); NeuroradiologycomputerAlgorithms030217 neurology & neurosurgeryMRIDiffusion MRIClinical Neuroradiology
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32×32 winner-take-all matrix with single winner selection

2010

A 32 × 32 winner-take-all (WTA) matrix with single winner selection is introduced. A high-resolution gain-boosted regulated-cascode WTA circuit is used in a first competition stage. Because of the large number of competing cells the possibility of a multiple winners situation arises. A single winner is obtained by means of a digital inhibitory circuit following each WTA analogue amplifier. Simulations show that this mixed analogue-digital circuit achieves its objective with a current resolution of approximately 10 nA (0.8% of the maximum input current in the simulated case). A time response of ?s can be achieved.

Digital electronicsEngineeringArtificial neural networkbusiness.industryAmplifierHigh resolutionWinner-take-allMatrix (mathematics)Time responseElectronic engineeringElectrical and Electronic EngineeringbusinessAlgorithmSelection (genetic algorithm)Electronics Letters
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Implementation of pattern recognition algorithm based on RBF neural network

2002

In this paper, we present implementations of a pattern recognition algorithm which uses a RBF (Radial Basis Function) neural network. Our aim is to elaborate a quite efficient system which realizes real time faces tracking and identity verification in natural video sequences. Hardware implementations have been realized on an embedded system developed by our laboratory. This system is based on a DSP (Digital Signal Processor) TMS320C6x. The optimization of implementations allow us to obtain a processing speed of 4.8 images (240x320 pixels) per second with a correct rate of 95% of faces tracking and identity verification.

Digital signal processorArtificial neural networkPixelComputer sciencebusiness.industryPattern recognitionPattern recognition (psychology)Identity (object-oriented programming)Radial basis functionComputer visionArtificial intelligencebusinessAlgorithmImplementationDigital signal processingSPIE Proceedings
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Time-resolved fluorescence and fourier transform infrared spectroscopic investigations of lateral packing defects and superlattice domains in composi…

2003

Time-resolved fluorescence and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies were used to investigate the lateral organization of lipids in compositionally uniform and fully equilibrated 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol (POPC/CHOL) liposomes prepared by a recently devised low-temperature trapping method. Independent fluorescence decay lifetime and rotational dynamics parameters of diphenylhexatriene (DPH) chain-labeled phosphatidylcholine (DPH-PC) in these liposomes were recovered from the time-resolved fluorescence measurements as a function of cholesterol molar fraction (X(CHOL)) at 23 degrees C. The results indicate significantly greater lifetime heterogeneity, shorter av…

DiphenylhexatrieneModels MolecularMacromolecular SubstancesMembrane FluidityLipid BilayersBiophysicsAnalytical chemistry010402 general chemistryMole fraction01 natural sciences03 medical and health scienceschemistry.chemical_compoundPhosphatidylcholineSpectroscopy Fourier Transform InfraredMembrane fluiditypolycyclic compoundsComputer SimulationLipid bilayerPOPCRotational correlation time030304 developmental biology0303 health sciencesLiposomeMembranestechnology industry and agricultureSignal Processing Computer-Assisted0104 chemical sciencesCrystallographyCholesterolSpectrometry FluorescencechemistryLiposomesPhosphatidylcholinesAnisotropylipids (amino acids peptides and proteins)AlgorithmsBiophysical journal
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Path-wise versus kinetic modeling for equilibrating non-Langevin jump-type processes

2014

We discuss two independent methods of solution of a master equation whose biased jump transition rates account for long jumps of L\'{e}vy-stable type and nonetheless admit a Boltzmannian (thermal) equilibrium to arise in the large time asymptotics of a probability density function $\rho (x,t)$. Our main goal is to demonstrate a compatibility of a {\it direct} solution method (an explicit, albeit numerically assisted, integration of the master equation) with an {\it indirect} path-wise procedure, recently proposed in [Physica {\bf A 392}, 3485, (2013)] as a valid tool for a dynamical analysis of non-Langevin jump-type processes. The path-wise method heavily relies on an accumulation of large…

Direct solution methodStatistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)PhysicsQC1-999cauchy driverGeneral Physics and AstronomyFOS: Physical sciencesmaster equationProbability density functionlévy processesKinetic energynon-langevin modellinggillespie’s algorithmLévy processboltzmann equilibriumThermalMaster equationJumpStatistical analysisStatistical physicsCondensed Matter - Statistical Mechanicspath-wise modellingMathematics
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An Heuristic Approach for the Training Dataset Selection in Fingerprint Classification Tasks

2015

Fingerprint classification is a key issue in automatic fingerprint identification systems. It aims to reduce the item search time within the fingerprint database without affecting the accuracy rate. In this paper an heuristic approach using only the directional image information for the training dataset selection in fingerprint classification tasks is described. The method combines a Fuzzy C-Means clustering method and a Naive Bayes Classifier and it is composed of three modules: the first module builds the working datasets, the second module extracts the training images dataset and, finally, the third module classifies fingerprint images in four classes. Unlike literature approaches using …

Directional imageFingerprint classificationComputer sciencebusiness.industryHeuristicNaive bayes classifierTraining dataset optimizationPattern recognitionBayes classifiercomputer.software_genreClass (biology)Fuzzy logicNaive Bayes classifierComputingMethodologies_PATTERNRECOGNITIONFingerprintArtificial intelligenceData miningCluster analysisbusinesscomputerSelection (genetic algorithm)Fuzzy C-Mean
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Sparse Image Representation by Directionlets

2010

Despite the success of the standard wavelet transform (WT) in image processing in recent years, the efficiency and sparsity of its representation are limited by the spatial symmetry and separability of its basis functions built in the horizontal and vertical directions. One-dimensional discontinuities in images (edges or contours), which are important elements in visual perception, intersect too many wavelet basis functions and lead to a non-sparse representation. To capture efficiently these elongated structures characterized by geometrical regularity along different directions (not only the horizontal and vertical), a more complex multidirectional (M-DIR) and asymmetric transform is requi…

Directional transformsbusiness.industryMultiresolution analysisWavelet transformImage codingImage processingDirectional vanishing momentsContourletImage orientation analysisWavelet transformsWaveletCurveletImage scalingImage interpolationComputer visionSeparable transformsArtificial intelligencebusinessAlgorithmMultiresolution analysisSparse representationMathematicsImage compression
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Universal Design of Information Sharing Tools for Disaster Risk Reduction

2019

International audience; Disaster information sharing tools are an important aspect of disaster resilience, and it is of utmost importance that these tools are accessible and usable for as many potential users as possible. In this paper, we evaluate the accessibility of a selection of tools for crowdsourcing disaster situation information. As our evaluation shows that the selected tools are not fully accessible, we provide recommendations for mitigation, as well as highlight the importance of further research in this area.

Disaster risk reductionbusiness.industryComputer sciencemedia_common.quotation_subjectUniversal designInformation sharing05 social sciencesDisaster Risk Reduction (DRR)050301 education02 engineering and technologyCrowdsourcingDisaster resilienceDisaster information sharing toolsRisk analysis (engineering)0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineering[INFO]Computer Science [cs]020201 artificial intelligence & image processingPsychological resilienceDisaster risk reductionbusinessResilience (network)0503 educationSelection (genetic algorithm)media_common
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Using Wave Propagation Simulations and Convolutional Neural Networks to Retrieve Thin Film Thickness from Hyperspectral Images

2021

Ill-posed inversion problems are one of the major challenges when there is a need to combine measurements with the theory and numerical model. In this study, we demonstrate the use of wave propagation simulations to train a convolutional neural network (CNN) for retrieving sub-wavelength thickness profiles of thin film coatings from hyperspectral images. The simulations are produced by solving numerically one-dimensional wave equation with a method based on Discrete Exterior Calculus (DEC). This approach provides a powerful tool to produce large sets of training data for the neural network. CNN was verified by simulated verification sets and measured reflectance spectra, both of which showe…

Discrete exterior calculusArtificial neural networkComputer scienceWave propagationHyperspectral imagingThin filmWave equationConvolutional neural networkAlgorithmSample (graphics)
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On Strong Convergence of Halpern’s Method for Quasi-Nonexpansive Mappings in Hilbert Spaces

2016

In this paper, we introduce a Halpern’s type method to approximate common fixed points of a nonexpansive mapping T and a strongly quasi-nonexpansive mappings S, defined in a Hilbert space, such that I − S is demiclosed at 0. The result shows as the same algorithm converges to different points, depending on the assumptions of the coefficients. Moreover, a numerical example of our iterative scheme is given.

Discrete mathematics010102 general mathematicsHilbert spaceApproximation algorithmFixed pointType (model theory)variational inequality01 natural sciences010101 applied mathematicssymbols.namesakefixed pointModeling and SimulationScheme (mathematics)Variational inequalityConvergence (routing)symbolsQA1-9390101 mathematicsAnalysisapproximation algorithmMathematicsMathematicsMathematical Modelling and Analysis
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