Search results for "allergic contact dermatitis"
showing 10 items of 26 documents
Update of immune events in the murine contact hypersensitivity model: toward the understanding of allergic contact dermatitis.
2013
Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is one of the most common skin diseases, consisting of sensitization and elicitation phases. With the advancement of technology and the discovery of new types of immune cells, our knowledge of the immunological mechanisms of contact hypersensitivity (CHS) as a murine model of ACD has expanded significantly in the past decade. For example, by introducing regulatory T cells, CD4(+) T-helper 17 cells, and Langerin-positive dermal dendritic cells, the initiation and termination mechanism of CHS has been revealed. In addition, the role of mast cells in CHS, long a matter of debate, has become apparent by developing conditional mast cell-deficient mice. Moreover,…
Contact Allergens Modulate the Expression of MHC Class II Molecules on Murine Epidermal Langerhans Cells by Endocytotic Mechanisms
1992
MHC class II molecules play an important role during the sensitization phase of allergic contact dermatitis. To study the influence of contact allergens on the expression of these molecules by murine epidermal Langerhans cells (LC), we performed a flow-cytofluorometric analysis of the Ia-antigen expression after in vivo application of contact allergens. A distinct decrease in the Ia-antigen expression of the entire LC population was noticed 3 h after in vivo application of the contact allergen 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB). This decrease was transient and balanced 24 h after in vivo application of DNFB. A downregulation was also detectable after in vivo application of the contact allergen…
An approach to predictive testing of contact sensitizers in vitro by monitoring their influence on endocytotic mechanisms.
1996
Endocytotic activation of epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) by immunogenic haptens is an early event during development of allergic contact dermatitis. In this work a fast and objective flow-cytometric assay for predictive in vitro testing of contact sensitizers by monitoring their influence on endocytotic mechanisms in murine LC was developed. Epidermal cell suspensions were labelled with a monoclonal antibody directed to MHC class II molecules and pH-sensitive fluorochrome-coupled second-step reagents. For untreated LC a significant quenching of fluorescence intensity by internalization of the MHC-antibody complexes into acidic compartments was noticed. Similar results were obtained in the …
Contact dermatitis: etiologies of the allergic and irritant type
2020
The term contact dermatitis describes an inflammatory process of the skin that occurs in response to contact with exogenous substances and involves pruritic and erythematous patches. Approximately 80% of all contact dermatitis is primary irritant contact dermatitis (ICD), whereas allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) makes up only 20% of contact dermatitis cases, the estimated prevalence of contact dermatitis in the United States being 1.4%. Among patch-tested patients, nickel has been identified as the most common allergen. Cobalt is the second most common metal allergen and is found in various dental alloys, paints, and coloring components of porcelain and glass. The average prevalence of der…
S3 Guidelines: Epicutaneous patch testing with contact allergens and drugs – Short version, Part 2
2019
Epicutaneous patch testing is the diagnostic standard for the detection of allergic contact dermatitis. The present guidelines are aimed at residents and board-certified physicians in the fields of dermatology and allergology as well as other medical specialties involved in establishing the indication for patch testing and its execution in patients with contact dermatitis and other forms of delayed-type hypersensitivity. The target audience also includes other health care providers and insurance funds. Based on a systematic literature search and a formal consensus process (S3), the guidelines were developed by dermatologists in collaboration with pediatricians, occupational medicine physici…
S3 guidelines: Epicutaneous patch testing with contact allergens and drugs – Short version, Part 1
2019
Epicutaneous patch testing is the diagnostic standard for the detection of allergic contact dermatitis. The present guidelines are aimed at residents and board-certified physicians in the fields of dermatology and allergology as well as other medical specialties involved in establishing the indication for patch testing and its execution in patients with contact dermatitis and other forms of delayed-type hypersensitivity. The target audience also includes other health care providers and insurance funds. Based on a systematic literature search and a formal consensus process (S3), the guidelines were developed by dermatologists in collaboration with pediatricians, occupational medicine physici…
Contact hypersensitivity to disodium hexachloroplatinate in mice.
1998
Complex platinum (Pt) compounds are known as occupational respiratory sensitizers whereas their role in skin exposure is unclear. In this study, both skin irritation and induction of contact hypersensitivity by halide Pt salts were characterized in mice. Repeated application of Na2[PtCl6] (5% in acetone) to both ears of naive BALB/c mice induced activation of the draining auricular lymph nodes. Flow cytometric analysis revealed a striking increase in the number of lymph node cells expressing proliferating cell nuclear antigen. In separate experiments, Na2[PtCl6] or acetone were applied only to the right ear of mice on 4-8 consecutive days and the animals were challenged on the left ear 6 da…
Effects of Natural Products on Contact Dermatitis
2005
Some medicinal plants, which are known to produce allergic reactions, are also specifically used as anti- inflammatory agents. Among the more relevant plants, we report species with cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic alcohol, geraniol, hydroxycitronellal, eugenol and isoeugenol are all potential allergens. In addition, fragrances, which are mixtures of small-molecul ar-weight compounds, may induce allergic contact dermatitis due to fragrance-spe cific CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocytes. Plants from the Asteraceae family used in folk medicine as anti-inflamma tories can cause allergic contact dermatitis because of its content in sesquiterpene lactones, which have been reported as the anti- inflammatory pri…