Search results for "alpha-Fetoproteins"
showing 7 items of 37 documents
The nucleotide and deduced amino acid structures of sheep and pig fetuin. Common structural features of the mammalian fetuin family
1992
This study was initiated to gain further insight into the structural features of the mammalian fetuin family. The cDNA structures of sheep and pig fetuin were determined. The cDNA insert encoding sheep (pig) fetuin comprised 1550 (1470) nucleotides, including 54 (46) nucleotides encoding a signal peptide of 18 (15) residues and 1038 (1041) nucleotides encoding the 346 (347) amino acids of the mature plasma protein. The predicted amino-terminal sequence of the mature pig fetuin was confirmed by the amino-terminal sequence of the purified protein. However, two alternative sheep amino-terminal sequences were found in fetuin purified from the plasma of a single sheep fetus; the minor product wa…
Recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation: an update.
2015
Liver transplantation is the only curative alternative for selected patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who are not eligible for resection and/or with decompensated cirrhosis. According to Milan criteria the 5-year survival rate is 70–85%, with a recurrence-free survival of 75%. However, HCC recurrence rate after liver transplantation remains a significant problem in the clinical practice. The prognosis in patients with HCC recurrence is poor. The treatment of choice for HCC recurrence is surgery, but it seems that a systemic treatment based on combination of an mTOR inhibitor with sorafenib can be used. Data on safety and efficacy are limited, clinical monitoring is necessary. Th…
Ramucirumab in elderly patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and elevated alpha-fetoprotein after sorafenib in REACH and REACH-2.
2020
Background & Aims: Limited data on treatment of elderly patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) increase the unmet need. REACH and REACH-2 were global phase III studies of ramucirumab in patients with HCC after prior sorafenib, where patients with alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) ≥400 ng/mL showed an overall ssurvival (OS) benefit for ramucirumab. These post-hoc analyses examined efficacy and safety of ramucirumab in patients with HCC and baseline AFP ≥ 400 ng/mL by three prespecified age subgroups (<65, ≥65 to <75 and ≥75 years). Methods: Individual patient data were pooled from REACH (baseline AFP ≥400 ng/mL) and REACH-2. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards regression methods …
Cloning and Targeted Deletion of the Mouse Fetuin Gene
1998
We proposed that the alpha2-Heremans Schmid glycoprotein/fetuin family of serum proteins inhibits unwanted mineralization. To test this hypothesis in animals, we cloned the mouse fetuin gene and generated mice lacking fetuin. The gene consists of seven exons and six introns. The cystatin-like domains D1 and D2 of mouse fetuin are encoded by three exons each, whereas a single terminal exon encodes the carboxyl-terminal domain D3. The promoter structure is well conserved between rat and mouse fetuin genes within the regions shown to bind transcription factors in the rat system. Expression studies demonstrated that mice homozygous for the gene deletion lacked fetuin protein and that mice heter…
Rat tyrosine kinase inhibitor shows sequence similarity to human α2-HS glycoprotein and bovine fetuin
1991
Human alpha 2-HS glycoprotein and bovine fetuin, abundant proteins of fetal plasma, are structural members of the fetuin family within the cystatin superfamily. They are characterized by the presence of two N-terminally located cystatin-like units and a unique C-terminal sequence segment not present in the other members of the cystatin superfamily. Search for related sequences revealed that the natural inhibitor of the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase [Auberger, Falquerho, Contreres, Pages, Le Cam, Rossi & Le Cam (1989) Cell (Cambridge, Mass.) 58, 631-640] shows sequence similarity to the mammalian fetuins. The sequence identity between rat tyrosine kinase inhibitor, human alpha 2-HS gl…
Posttranslational processing of human alpha 2-HS glycoprotein (human fetuin). Evidence for the production of a phosphorylated single-chain form by he…
1994
alpha 2-HS glycoprotein (alpha 2-HS) is a major protein occurring in human blood and calciferous tissues. Due to extensive sequence identity, alpha 2-HS has been grouped with the fetuins, a family of proteins that occur in fetal plasma in high concentrations. Native alpha 2-HS undergoes a series of posttranslational modifications including proteolytic processing, multiple N-glycosylations and O-glycosylations, and sulfation of the carbohydrate side chains. Various two-chain forms of alpha 2-HS have been prepared from human plasma, however, the single-chain precursor has not yet been isolated. Here, we have studied the biosynthesis of alpha 2-HS by a human hepatoma cell line, HepG2. We demon…
GALAD Score Detects Early Hepatocellular Carcinoma in an International Cohort of Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
2020
Background & Aims The prevalence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing. However, strategies for detection of early-stage HCC in patients with NASH have limitations. We assessed the ability of the GALAD score, which determines risk of HCC based on patient sex; age; and serum levels of α-fetoprotein (AFP), AFP isoform L3 (AFP-L3), and des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin (DCP), to detect HCC in patients with NASH. Methods We performed a case-control study of 125 patients with HCC (20% within Milan Criteria) and 231 patients without HCC (NASH controls) from 8 centers in Germany. We compared the performance of serum AFP, AFP-L3, or DCP vs GALAD …