Search results for "anger"

Sodium dynamics: another key to astroglial excitability?

2012

Astroglial excitability is largely mediated by fluctuations in intracellular ion concentrations. In addition to generally acknowledged Ca 2+ excitability of astroglia, recent studies have demonstrated that neuronal activity triggers transient increases in the cytosolic Na + concentration ([Na + ] i ) in perisynaptic astrocytes. These [Na + ] i transients are controlled by multiple Na + -permeable channels and Na + -dependent transporters; spatiotemporally organized [Na + ] i dynamics in turn regulate diverse astroglial homeostatic responses such as metabolic/signaling utilization of lactate and glutamate, transmembrane transport of neurotransmitters and K + buffering. In particular, near-me…

Anger is superior to happiness in change blindness as indicated by behavioral and electrophysiological measures

2012

Sodium Fluxes and Astroglial Function

2012

Astrocytes exhibit their excitability based on variations in cytosolic Ca(2+) levels, which leads to variety of signalling events. Only recently, however, intracellular fluctuations of more abundant cation Na(+) are brought in the limelight of glial signalling. Indeed, astrocytes possess several plasmalemmal molecular entities that allow rapid transport of Na(+) across the plasma membrane: (1) ionotropic receptors, (2) canonical transient receptor potential cation channels, (3) neurotransmitter transporters and (4) sodium-calcium exchanger. Concerted action of these molecules in controlling cytosolic Na(+) may complement Ca(2+) signalling to provide basis for complex bidirectional astrocyte…

Effects of ouabain on human bronchial muscle in vitro

2003

The effects of ouabain, an inhibitor of the plasmalemmal Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity, were examined in human isolated bronchus. Ouabain produced concentration-dependent contraction with -logEC(50)=7.16+/-0.11 and maximal effect of 67+/-4% of the response to acetylcholine (1 mM). Ouabain (10 microM)-induced contraction was epithelium-independent and was not depressed by inhibitors of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase, antagonists of muscarinic, histamine H(1)-receptors and alpha-adrenoceptors, or neuronal Na(+) channel blockade. The inhibition of ouabain contraction in tissues bathed in K(+)-free medium, and the inhibition by ouabain of the K(+)-induced relaxation confirm that the contractile a…

Identification of susceptibility genes in non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate using whole-exome sequencing

2015

Background Non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) is among the most common congenital malformations. The etiology of NSCL/P remains poorly characterized owing to its complex genetic heterogeneity. The objective of this study was to identify genetic variants that increase susceptibility to NSCL/P. Material and Methods Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed in 8 fetuses with NSCL/P in China. Bioinformatics analysis was performed using commercially available software. Variants detected by WES were validated by Sanger sequencing. Results By filtering out synonymous variants in exons, we identified average 8575 nonsynonymous single nucleotide variants (SNVs). We subseq…

Preliminary Thermo-Mechanical Design of the Once Through Steam Generator and Molten Salt Intermediate Heat Exchanger for EU DEMO

2020

The European DEMOnstration power plant (DEMO) is considered to be the nearest-term fusion reactor capable of producing several hundred MWs of net electricity, operating with a closed tritium fuel-cycle (achieving the tritium self-sufficiency), and qualifing technological solutions for a fusion power plant with different breeding blanket (BB) concepts that are under investigation. The BB is a key component for the development of the DEMO plant design and, in particular, of those systems having the responsibility to remove the plasma-generated thermal power and its conversion in the electrical energy. This study deals with the preliminary thermo-mechanical design of the heat exchangers and st…

Sensitivity Analysis of the MASLWR Helical Coil Steam Generator Using TRACE

2011

Accurate simulation of transient system behavior of a nuclear power plant is the goal of systems code calculations, and the evaluation of a code's calculation accuracy is accomplished by assessment and validation against appropriate system data. These system data may be developed either from a running system prototype or from a scaled model test facility, and characterize the thermal hydraulic phenomena during both steady state and transient conditions. The identification and characterization of the relevant thermal hydraulic phenomena, and the assessment and validation of thermal hydraulic systems codes, has been the objective of multiple international research programs. The validation and…

The LIEBE high-power target: Offline commissioning results and prospects for the production of 100Sn ISOL beams at HIE-ISOLDE

2020

Abstract With the aim of increasing the primary beam intensity in the next generation Radioactive Ion Beam facilities, a major challenge is the production of targets capable of dissipating high beam power, particularly for molten targets. In that context, a direct molten loop target concept was proposed for short-lived isotopes for EURISOL. The circulation of molten metal enables the production of droplets enhancing the radioisotope diffusion. The concept also includes a heat exchanger ensuring thermal equilibrium under interaction with high proton beam power. A target prototype, named LIEBE, has been designed and assembled to validate this concept in the ISOLDE operation environment. The p…

Synthesis and evaluation of fluorine-18 labeled glyburide analogs as β-cell imaging agents

2003

Glyburide is a prescribed hypoglycemic drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetic patients. We have synthesized two of its analogs, namely N-[4-[beta-(2-(2'-fluoroethoxy)-5-chlorobenzenecarboxamido)ethyl]benzenesulfonyl]-N'-cyclohexylurea (2-fluoroethoxyglyburide, 8b) and N-[4-[beta-(2-(2'-fluoroethoxy)-5-iodobenzenecarboxamido)ethyl]benzenesulfonyl]-N'-cyclohexylurea (2-fluoroethoxy-5-deschloro-5-iodoglyburide, 8a), and their fluorine-18 labeled analogs as beta-cell imaging agents. Both F-18 labeled compound 8a and compound 8b were synthesized by alkylation of the corresponding multistep synthesized hydroxy precursor 4a and 4b with 2-[(18)F]fluoroethyl tosylate in DMSO at 120 degrees C for …

Self-phase modulation-based 2R regenerator including pulse compression and offset filtering for 42.6 Gbit/s RZ-33% transmission systems

2009

International audience; We report on the experimental and theoretical study of a self-phase-modulation-based regenerator at 42.6 Gbit/s with a return-to-zero 33% format. We point out some detrimental effects such as intrachannel interactions and Brillouin scattering. An efficient solution, relying on a self-phase-modulation-based pulse compressor in combination with the regenerator, is proposed to overcome these detrimental phenomena. The experimental demonstration shows the effectiveness of a wavelength-transparent regenerator at 42.6 Gbit/s with a sensitivity-improvement of more than 5 dB and an eye-opening improvement of 2.3 dB in a back-to-back configuration, as well as a 10 times maxim…