Search results for "angle"

showing 10 items of 1921 documents

Precipitable water vapour content from ESR/SKYNET sun-sky radiometers: validation against GNSS/GPS and AERONET over three different sites in Europe

2018

The estimation of the precipitable water vapour content (W) with high temporal and spatial resolution is of great interest to both meteorological and climatological studies. Several methodologies based on remote sensing techniques have been recently developed in order to obtain accurate and frequent measurements of this atmospheric parameter. Among them, the relative low cost and easy deployment of sun–sky radiometers, or sun photometers, operating in several international networks, allowed the development of automatic estimations of W from these instruments with high temporal resolution. However, the great problem of this methodology is the estimation of the sun-photometric calibration par…

Termodinàmica atmosfèricaAtmospheric Scienceprecipitable water vapor; sun-sky radiometers; validation; GNSS/GPS010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciencesMeteorologyGPSprecipitable water vaporSolar zenith angleSKYNETAeronet01 natural sciences010309 opticsSkynet0103 physical sciencesCalibrationlcsh:TA170-1710105 earth and related environmental sciencesRemote sensingGNSS/GPS[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean AtmospherevalidationPrecipitable waterbusiness.industrylcsh:TA715-787sun-sky radiometerslcsh:Earthwork. FoundationsAERONETlcsh:Environmental engineeringwater vapourGNSS applications13. Climate actionInfrared windowGlobal Positioning SystemEnvironmental sciencebusiness
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tert-Butyl N-benzyl-N-[4-(4-fluorobenzoylmethyl)-2-pyridyl]carbamate

2008

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C25H25FN2O3, the pyridine ring makes dihedral angles of 75.1 (3), 39.4 (3) and 74.6 (3)° with the phenyl ring, the carbamate plane and the 4-fluorophenyl ring, respectively. The phenyl ring makes dihedral angles of 77.2 (3) and 23.6 (3)° with the carbamate plane and the 4-fluorophenyl ring, respectively. The 4-fluorophenyl ring is perpendicular to the carbamate plane, the dihedral angle between them being 89.5 (3)°.

Tert butylCarbamateCrystallographymedicine.medical_treatmentGeneral ChemistryCrystal structureDihedral angleCondensed Matter PhysicsRing (chemistry)BioinformaticsOrganic PapersMedicinal chemistrychemistry.chemical_compoundchemistryQD901-999PyridinemedicineGeneral Materials ScienceActa Crystallographica Section E
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tert-ButylN-(4-methyl-2-pyridyl)carbamate

2008

The crystal structure of the title compound, C11H16N2O2, contains two crystallographically independent molecules forming dimers by pairs of intermolecular N—H...N hydrogen bonds. The two molecules are related by a pseudo-twofold axis. The dihedral angle between the pyridine ring and the carbamate plane differs in the two molecules [12.1 (3) and 3.5 (3)°].

Tert butylCarbamateHydrogen bondChemistrymedicine.medical_treatmentGeneral ChemistryCrystal structureDihedral angleCondensed Matter PhysicsBioinformaticsRing (chemistry)Organic PapersMedicinal chemistrylcsh:Chemistrychemistry.chemical_compoundlcsh:QD1-999PyridinemedicineGeneral Materials ScienceActa Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online
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tert-Butyl N-benzyl-N-(4-methyl-2-pyrid­yl)carbamate

2008

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C18H22N2O2, the pyridine ring makes dihedral angles of 83.71 (6) and 9.2 (1)° with the phenyl ring and the carbamate plane, respectively. The phenyl ring and the carbamate plane are nearly perpendicular to one another, with a dihedral angle of 87.17 (7)°.

Tert butylCarbamateMathematics::Commutative AlgebraChemistrymedicine.medical_treatmentGeneral ChemistryCrystal structureDihedral angleCondensed Matter PhysicsRing (chemistry)BioinformaticsMedicinal chemistryOrganic Paperslcsh:Chemistrychemistry.chemical_compoundlcsh:QD1-999PyridinePerpendicularmedicineGeneral Materials ScienceActa Crystallographica Section E: Structure Reports Online
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5,11,17,23-Tetra-tert-butyl-25,26,27,28-tetrapentoxycalix[4]arene

2005

The mol­ecule of the title compound, C64H96O4, adopts the typical pinched-cone conformation. The dihedral angles between the reference plane (defined by the C atoms of the methyl­ene bridges) and the benzene rings are 86.88 (4), 136.64 (5), 87.22 (4) and 133.99 (4)°.

Tert butylReference planechemistry.chemical_compoundCrystallographybiologyChemistryTetraGeneral Materials ScienceGeneral ChemistryDihedral angleCondensed Matter Physicsbiology.organism_classificationBenzeneActa Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online
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Conformation of a chain polyelectrolyte in solution with low molecular weight salt: small angle neutron scattering measurements

1986

Small angle neutron scattering measurements have been carried out on the tetramethylammonium salt of the polystyrenesulfonic acid withDP w =310 and 1060 in water solution with tetramethylammonium chloride with ionic strength between 0.02 M and 1.0 M. The scattering curves in the scattering vector range 0.05 nm−1≤Q≤1.8nm−1 have been fitted using the form factor of a worm-like chain of finite thickness. The conformational parameters mean square radius of gyration, statistic chain element, mass per unit length and mean square radius of the cross-section have been determined experimentally and used for describing the conformation of the coils. By these molecular weights and ionic strengths, exc…

TetramethylammoniumPolymers and PlasticsScatteringIonic bondingThermodynamicsNeutron scatteringSmall-angle neutron scatteringchemistry.chemical_compoundCrystallographyColloid and Surface ChemistrychemistryIonic strengthTetramethylammonium chlorideMaterials ChemistryRadius of gyrationPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryColloid & Polymer Science
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Integrazione di celle fotovoltaiche ibride nel vetromattone

2012

L’invenzione riguarda l’integrazione del vetromattone con celle solari ibride (organiche/inorganiche), conosciute come Dye-sensitized Solar Cell (DSC). La combinazione del vetromattone con le DSC consente di migliorare le prestazioni del prodotto originario rendendolo in grado di produrre energia pulita. Le caratteristiche di trasparenza e isolamento termo-acustico del prodotto possono essere regolate agendo sulla configurazione delle DSC. Il prodotto può essere assemblato a formare pannelli fotovoltaici per la realizzazione di facciate traslucide energeticamente “attive” in varie condizioni luminose (condizioni di luce diffusa o artificiale) e indipendentemente dall’angolo di radiazione so…

The integration of Dye-sensitized Solar Cell (DSC) with the glassblock is disclosed. The combination of the two technological elements the glassblock and the DSC module enhance their own peculiarities. The final complete product is ready-made for installation owns the qualities of the glassblock and produces sustainable energy at the same time. The transparency and the thermo-acoustic insulation may be modulated according to the specific requirements of each case of installation. The product may be used for example to create PV panels for glazed and translucent façades that are able to perform efficiently in all light conditions (even in diffuse light also converting internal artificial light) that are not dependant on the angle of the solar radiation and do not suffer from the high operative temperatures of functioning due to the peculiarities of the DSCs. DSCs are made of economic and biocompatible materials and are produced with low-cost and highly productive printing methods on rigid or flexible substrates. With the integration of DSC modules with the glassblock PV panels coincide with the envelope itself so that they do not need any further structures to be installed on and allow the possibility of subtract from the price of the panel the price of the substituted building element allowing further economies. DSCs can be printed in different colours and with various patterns offering to designers and customers the possibility of intervening on the glassblock aesthetical aspect also taking advantage of the peculiar modularity of the glassblock for larger compositions of drawings on the building’s façade. Seven Hypotheses of integration are discussed in order to obtain DSC-integrated glassblock ready for the construction of a precast and dry-assembled PV panel which can use the horizontal and vertical cavities between the glassblocks to house plastic profiles where the electric interconnections and the steel bars -useful for improve the mechanical resistance of the panel- are integrated.Settore ICAR/10 - Architettura Tecnica
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Canopy Architecture Appraisal by Fractal Dimension of 'Flordastar' Peach Trees Grafted onto Different Rootstocks

2007

The objective of this research was to evaluate the modification of canopy architecture of ''Flordastar'' peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) grafted onto rootstocks with different vigour, by the use of fractal dimension (D). The hypothesis was that different vigour rootstocks are able to modify the complexity of the branching pattern and that this effect can be assessed by a geometric parameter such as the fractal dimension (D) of the 2D projection of tree branching structure. The observations were carried out in a four-year-old experimental orchard of cv. ''Flordastar'' peach trees grafted onto Ishtara, Barrier, GF677 and MrS 2/5 rootstocks. On digital pictures of leafless, dormant peach tree…

The objective of this research was to evaluate the modification of canopy architecture of ''Flordastar'' peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) grafted onto rootstocks with different vigour by the use of fractal dimension (D). The hypothesis was that different vigour rootstocks are able to modify the complexity of the branching pattern and that this effect can be assessed by a geometric parameter such as the fractal dimension (D) of the 2D projection of tree branching structure. The observations were carried out in a four-year-old experimental orchard of cv. ''Flordastar'' peach trees grafted onto Ishtara Barrier GF677 and MrS 2/5 rootstocks. On digital pictures of leafless dormant peach trees the tree skeleton was manually depicted by an image analysis software to measure total length and angles of insertion of branches. Bitmaps of the skeleton were then subjected to a specific software (FDCALC) able to calculate D by the "box counting" method. To account for the error introduced by analyzing a three dimensional structure with its 2D projection measurements were done on two images per tree taken from two different viewing angles. Results are shown in relation to tree vigour of the scion/stock combination. Fractal dimension was related to the vigour ranking of the graft combinations tested. In particular vigorous scion/stock combinations showed the highest D.HorticultureCanopy architectureHorticultureRootstockFractal dimensionMathematics
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Universal multipartite d-level entanglement witnesses for realistic measurement settings

2019

Entanglement is an essential resource in quantum information science [1] and its presence in any quantum system can be experimentally detected through entanglement witness operators [2]. In particular, measuring a negative expectation value of a witness with high statistical confidence provides a necessary and sufficient condition to confirm the generation of a genuine multipartite [3] and/or d-level entangled state [4]. In recent years, the experimental generation of complex quantum states has intensified the need for witnesses that are capable of detecting such systems and are experimentally optimal at the same time. This means that the witness should require the least measurement effort …

Theoretical computer scienceComputer scienceExpectation valueQuantum entanglement01 natural sciences010305 fluids & plasmasMultipartiteQuantum state0103 physical sciencesQuantum systemQuantum information010306 general physicsQuantum information scienceEntanglement witness
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1,4-Dimethyl-3-phenyl-3H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]isoquinolin-5(4H)-one

2008

The title compound, C18H15N3O, is the product of the thermal decomposition of the diazonium salt derived from 2-amino-N-methyl-N-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzamide. It is characterized by a trans orientation of the methyl groups with respect to the tricyclic ring system. The molecule has a nearly planar phenylpyrazolo[3,4-c]isoquinolin-5-one system, the largest deviation from the mean plane being 0.066 (2) angstrom for the O atom. The dihedral angle between the phenyl substituent and the heterotricycle is 67 (1)degrees. The packing is stabilized by C-H center dot center dot center dot N hydrogen-bond interactions, with the formation of molecular chains along the c axis.

Thermal decompositionSubstituentAtom (order theory)General ChemistryDihedral angleCondensed Matter PhysicsRing (chemistry)BioinformaticsOrganic PapersSettore CHIM/08 - Chimica Farmaceuticalcsh:Chemistrychemistry.chemical_compoundCrystallographylcsh:QD1-999chemistrysingle-crystal X-ray studyGeneral Materials ScienceBenzamideActa Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online
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