Search results for "ansiotulo"

The effect of weight on labor market outcomes: An application of genetic instrumental variables

2019

This paper contributes to the literature on the labor market consequences of obesity by using a novel instrument: genetic risk score, which reflects the predisposition to higher body mass index (BMI) across many genetic loci. We estimate instrumental variable models of the effect of BMI on labor market outcomes using Finnish data that have many strengths, for example, BMI that is measured rather than self‐reported, and data on earnings and social income transfers that are from administrative tax records and are thus free of the problems associated with nonresponse, reporting error or top coding. The empirical results are sensitive to whether we use a narrower or broader genetic risk score, …

Employment Status and Personal Income Before and After Onset of a Severe Mental Disorder: A Case-Control Study.

2020

Objective: Individuals with severe mental disorders have an impaired ability to work and are likely to receive income transfer payments as their main source of income. However, the magnitude of this phenomenon remains unclear. Using longitudinal population cohort register data, the authors conducted a case-control study to examine the levels of employment and personal income before and after a first hospitalization for a serious mental disorder. Methods: All individuals (N=50,551) who had been hospitalized for schizophrenia, other nonaffective psychosis, or bipolar disorder in Finland between 1988 and 2015 were identified and matched with five randomly selected participants who were the sam…

Comprehensive school reform and labor market outcomes over the lifecycle: Evidence from Finland

2021

This study focused on the labor market effects of the Finnish comprehensive school reform in 1972–1977 over the lifecycle. The reform increased the age at which students are separated into vocational and general tracks from 11 to 16 as well as updated the curriculum to include more general content instead of vocational. Using longitudinal administrative register data and exploiting the gradual implementation of the reform, I found a negative effect on employment in early career and a positive effect later in the lifecycle. Results for labor earnings are more nuanced and sensitive to different model specifications, but a positive effect was found in the late career. After the reform, the tre…

Huipputaidoilla huippuansioille? : kognitiivisen etevyyden ja korkean ansiotason yhteensovittuminen Euroopan työmarkkinoilla 2010-luvulla

2017

Kuilu huipputuloisten ja keskituloisten ansioiden välillä on kasvanut viimeisten vuosikymmenien aikana Euroopassa. Keskeisiä selityksiä ilmiölle ovat olleet osaamista suosiva teknologia sekä korkeakoulutettujen kysynnän kasvu. Koulutusta korostavien selitysmallien lisäksi yhä enemmän huomiota on kiinnitetty kognitiivisiin taitoihin. Näiden taitojen vaikutusten arvioimiseksi on kehitetty aikuisten luku-, numero- ja ongelmanratkaisutaitoja mittaava tutkimus PIAAC. Tutkimusten mukaan PIAACissa menestyvät ihmiset hyödyntävät paremmin teknologiaa, ansaitsevat enemmän ja joutuvat pienemmällä todennäköisyydellä työttömiksi. Työmarkkinoilla maksettavien huipputuloja on myös selitetty supertähtiteor…

Patterns of inter- and intra-regional differences in human capital and earnings : Evidence from Finland and Sweden 1987–2015

2021

In this paper, we examine the long-term patterns of geographical disparities in human capital and income in Finland and Sweden over the period 1987–2015. Using nationwide longitudinal population register data, we analyze disparities at different spatial scales, between and within functional labor market regions determined by observed travel-to-work patterns. Contrary to the findings from many other developed economies indicating inter-regional divergence in per capita income, we find indications of inter-regional convergence in per capita earnings among the functional labor market regions in both countries after 2000. However, small, and peripheral regions have not recovered from the macroe…

Parenthood and gender inequality : Population-based evidence on the child penalty in Finland

2019

This study presents evidence on the effect of parenthood on labor market outcomes in Finland. We use population-based data drawn from administrative registers and an event study design centered around the birth of the first child using the specification proposed in Kleven et al. (2019b). The study confirms that women encounter large short- and long-term child penalties in gross labor earnings and that penalties are associated with employment participation. Taxes and social security transfers considerably reduce the child penalty, which also varies by the number of children. peerReviewed

Jälleenyhdistyneen Saksan talouden tila ja alueellinen sopeutuminen vuosina 1990-2001

2002

Economic studies on higher education and productivity

2015

Alternative measures of body composition and wage premium: New evidence from Indonesia

2019

This paper examines the relationship between body composition and earnings in a developing country setting. We use body mass index, waist circumference and hip circumference. Exploiting the panel structure of our longitudinal survey, we find that along with BMI, waist circumference is related to higher earnings in Indonesia. peerReviewed

Understanding and measuring social entrepreneurship

2017

This thesis aims to understand the phenomenon of social entrepreneurship and measure its component dimensions. In particular, the thesis addresses two research gaps in the social entrepreneurship research. The first gap addressed is the resource mobilization during marketing strategy development of a social enterprise in its start-up stage. Social entrepreneurship is a diverse concept constituting various organizational form and activities. Hence, the second research gap that this research study addresses is the issue of measurement of social entrepreneurship construct. The thesis consists of an introductory essay and five research articles. The first two articles in this compilation addres…