Search results for "api"

Corporate Reputation and the Theory of Social Capital

2013

Valuing Common and Preferred Shares in Venture Capital Financing

2012

Abstract This article compares five different methodologies to value common and preferred shares with liquidation rights in a single-period setup of venture capital financing: the venture capital (VC) method; discounted cash-flow valuation with the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM); discounted cash-flow valuation with market model in logs; a risk-preference-based approach; and the real options approach. The risk preference and the real option methodologies are the only ones that can properly account for the contingency in preferred stock. With small financings and small multiples the choice of methodology is not critical; however, with stronger preference rights, the VC method, the CAPM, a…

A Model for Estimating Cash Flows in Firms Backed by Venture Capital

2013

Venture Capital only backs firms for a short period of time. When the time to exit arrives, the firm must inevitably be valued in order to obtain a basis for negotiating the exit price. Discounted cash flow is precisely one of the valuation methods that are used most by Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs).

Venture capitalists, investment appraisal and accounting information: a comparative study of the USA, UK, France, Belgium and Holland

2000

The differences between the information used for the pre-investment valuation and the valuation methods used by venture capital investors in five countries (USA, UK, France, Belgium and Holland) are empirically studied. The analysis is based on postal questionnaire surveys of representative samples of senior venture capitalists in each country. Differences are found, which may be attributed to the dominant corporate governance mechanism or the level of development of the venture capital market. Between-country differences persist even after taking into account between-country differences in the relative importance of investment stages and venture capital types. Apparently similar systems an…

Venture capitalists' decision-making in small equity markets: a case study using participant observation

2004

Despite significant academic research undertaken in the field of venture capital decision-making process, the dimension and maturity of equity market has not yet been considered as an important contextual factor. Aiming at developing an understanding on how venture capitalists (VCs) select early-stage projects in small equity markets, a pilot study using participant observation technique has been conducted in a Portuguese venture capital firm. The findings indicate that the decision-making process and the criteria used by VCs in this market context differ significantly from those used in the developed equity markets. Regarding the decision-making process as a whole, it appears to be more in…

Contract and Asset Values in Venture Capital Financings

2009

In venture capital financings a venture capitalist buys some fraction of a company, for a stated amount of money, through preferred shares. It is common practice in empirical and theoretical analyses to infer from this transaction a value for the entire company, which we call the contract value. Owners do not hold shares with the same rights and so the contract value misrepresents the company value of all assets (asset value). This paper studies a stylized venture capital market, calculates the ratio of contract to asset value, and derives the expected returns both at the level of venture capital funds and at the company level. We study quantitatively the impact on econometric analyses and …

Supporting value creation in SMEs through capacity building and innovation initiatives: the danger of provoking unsustainable rapid growth

2009

Value creation comes in many guises, and may be achieved through expansion and efficiency, innovation and novel processes, and closer alignment with customer needs. This article examines the real dangers to firms, especially small firms, which pursue very ambitious capacity growth plans in order to chase market opportunities. Case analysis has unearthed a new phenomenon, which might be termed ‘business gigantism’ – a situation of rapid and unsustainable growth that places severe strains on the firm. This article briefly recounts two case studies where small firms secured substantial funding to support rapid expansion – in both cases via public agencies. In each case, funding was justified b…

Access to Finance: Baltic Financial Markets

2014

Abstract Access to finance is considered one of the main obstacles to successful financial market development. Access to finance was second-ranked most pressing problem faced by companies in the Euro Area and one of the main barriers to company's innovation capacity. The study results highlight the need to recognize that countries require sound and well-functioning financial markets. Only in this case financial markets can provide much needed sources of investments such as sound banking loans, properly regulated securities exchanges, venture capital, and other resources.

Intellectual capital and the creation of value in Latvian banking sector: panel data analysis

2010

Intellectual capital (IC) has proven to be under valuated in many countries over the world. This paper provides some evidence that Latvia is not an exception. Author has used the research methods applied in the research on financial sector by the Malaysian, Finnish and Brazilian scientists to provide a view to the issues of IC in Latvian banking sector. The study is based on applying calculated intangible value (CIV), which measures the monetary value of IC or IC stock, value-added intellectual coefficient (VAIC™), which describes how a company's IC adds value to the company and intellectual capital efficiency (ICE), which measure the flow of IC. This paper presents the results on the analy…

Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) as Modern Ways of Investments

2015

The decrease in business activity and the fall in the production volume in the sectors of economy relying on long-term crediting is characteristic feature of the modern recessions. The pessimistic expectations of entrepreneurs concerning product demand leads to falling direct investment into business despite unlimited investment opportunities due to the developed capital markets nowadays. As a result it has created the opportunity for the development of the acquisition of enterprises. Potential investors are different and their investment motivation is different, but the goal is the same – to increase the value of the business and its efficiency as a result of mergers and acquisitions. Ho…