Search results for "api"

Was the Oil Sown Evenly? Long-Term Patterns of Regional Inequality in Venezuela (1881–2011)

2020

This chapter presents new estimates for GDP and GDP per capita for the period 1881–2011 for the 23 states and Distrito Capital, which together with the Dependencias Federales, today make up the Republic of Venezuela. Given that the Banco Central de Venezuela (BCV) does not compile figures either for regional GDP or for the most recent period, calculating and presenting this new evidence is in itself an important contribution to our knowledge of the country’s economic reality. The descriptive evidence on regional income inequality in Venezuela presented in the text shows that its long-term evolution follows an inverted U-shaped curve. However, although inequality today is no greater than it …

Threshold Effects in the US Budget Deficit

2003

We contribute to the debate on whether the large U.S. federal budget deficits are sustainable in the long run. We model the U.S. government deficit per capita as a threshold autoregressive process. We find evidence that the U.S. budget deficit is sustainable in the long run and that economic policymakers will intervene to reduce per capita deficit only when it reaches a certain threshold.

Influencia del capital físico y humano en la supervivencia de nuevas empresas

2014

El propósito de este estudio es analizar la influencia del capital físico y humano en la supervivencia de nuevas empresas en diferentes contextos económicos. Para ello, se lleva a cabo un estudio utilizando un modelo logit que analiza las probabilidades de supervivencia de las empresas de nueva creación. Los resultados muestran que tanto el capital humano como el físico influyen en la supervivencia de las empresas en el corto y largo plazo, siendo especialmente importante el papel que desempeña el capital humano. Las implicaciones del estudio giran en torno a dos hallazgos sustanciales. El primero es que destaca el potencial de los gobiernos en la promoción de formas más eficientes de empre…

Mobilities and Globalization in the Aftermath of COVID-19

2021

Will COVID-19 kill tourism? This was a big question that came to trouble everyone dependent upon tourism, especially in the early days of it being declared a pandemic. Before it became a pandemic, experts opined that Chinese tourists and tourism businesses would be cut off from it; certain political groups in the US considered this to be a blessing in disguise. Covertly and overtly, many even celebrated how COVID-19 would dent the Chinese economy. Then, it was declared as a global pandemic, and panic ensued. The US and Europe found they no longer had the upper hand over China in containing it; rather, to the surprise of many, the Chinese government proved it could weather a pandemic much be…

The Impact of China’s “Belt and Road Initiative” on the European Union

2018

After introducing the 1978 reforms, China shifted from a centrally-planned to a market-based economy. The success of these economic reforms has been immense, as today China has become a leading player in the world’s economy. In order to achieve the goal of becoming the world’s biggest superpower within the next 30 years, China’s 13th Five Year Plan (2016–2020) increased the government’s focus on innovation, with particular emphasis on infrastructure development. In this article, we have analyzed the impact of China’s “Belt and Road Initiative” on the European Union. China’s investments have a positive impact on the economic growth of the EU member countries, as they provide new jobs, capita…

Squaring the welfare circle and government ideology: Greece and Spain in the 1990s

1999

This article examines the “squaring the welfare circle” thesis and its usefulness to our understanding of welfare developments in Greece and Spain in the 1990s. The welfare state in both Greece and Spain was expanded considerably in the early 1980s by the newly elected socialist governments, only to hit the buffers of diminishing resources and rising demands in the late 1980s as well as the hostile neo-liberal welfare ideology. The process of welfare expansion was halted in the 1990s, labour market deregulation was encouraged and containment of welfare expenditure became the dominant aim of government policies. This article concentrates on the actual policies of governments in the 1990s rat…

Quality of government and economic growth at the municipal level: Evidence from Spain

2021

This paper analyzes the relationship between quality of government and economic growth at the municipal level in 1,820 Spanish municipalities during the period 2008–2015. At this level of dis- aggregation, the literature is virtually non-existent due to severe data constraints. To address this limitation, we proxy institutional quality with a measure of local government efficiency, which provides an accurate indicator of how good local authorities are at managing their budgets. This variable is expected to be highly correlated with other more traditional quality of government indicators such as corruption. After computing our measure, we then use it in a growth regression framework. We find…

European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Adult Congenital Heart Disease and Study Group for Adult Congenital Heart Care in Central and South E…

2020

Aims To examine the current status of care and needs of adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) services in the Central and South Eastern European (CESEE) region. Methods and results We obtained data regarding the national ACHD status for 19 CESEE countries from their ACHD representative based on an extensive survey for 2017 and/or 2018. Thirteen countries reported at least one tertiary ACHD centre with a median year of centre establishment in 2007 (interquartile range 2002-2013). ACHD centres reported a median of 2114 patients under active follow-up with an annual cardiac catheter and surgical intervention volume of 49 and 40, respectively. The majority (90%) of catheter or surgical interven…

1999

The tholeiitic dolerites that crop out in three diapirs of the SE of the Iberian Chain (Alfarp, Quesa and Lugar Nuevo de Fenollet, Valencia), are the expression of evolved (low Ni, Cr and mg* values) basic magmas, injected into poorly lithified sediments (lutites, marls and gypsum) which represent the Upper Triassic (Keuper facies)-Hettangian boundary, developing sills with reduced thickness. Their mineral and whole-rock geochemical compositions indicate a continental tholeiitic affinity and certain similarities to a MORB composition and, on the other hand, show that the Alfarp dolerites represent the less evolved compositions, whereas the Fenollet dolerites show a significantly greater dif…

Preclinical report on allogeneic uterus transplantation in non-human primates

2013

Study question Is it possible to perform allogeneic uterus transplantation (UTx) with a donation from a live donor in a non-human primate species and what immunosuppression is needed to prevent rejection? Summary answer Allogeneic UTx in the baboon is a donor- and recipient-safe surgical procedure; immunosuppression with induction therapy and a triple protocol should be used. What is known already UTx may become a treatment for absolute uterine factor infertility. Autologous UTx models have been developed in non-human primates with reports on long-term survival of the uterine grafts. STUDY DESIGN, SIZEAND DURATION: This experimental study included 18 female baboons as uterus donors and 18 f…