Search results for "apparato respiratorio"

The Attenuation of the Bronchodilatory Effect of Deep Inspiration (DI) in COPD Is Related to Reduced Airway Distensibility as Measured by HRCT

2005

Epidemiology, Physiology and Clinical Approach to Sleepiness at the Wheel in OSA Patients: A Narrative Review

2022

Sleepiness at the wheel (SW) is recognized as an important factor contributing to road traffic accidents, since up to 30 percent of fatal accidents have been attributed to SW. Sleepiness-related motor vehicle accidents may occur both from falling asleep while driving and from behavior impairment attributable to sleepiness. SW can be caused by various sleep disorders but also by behavioral factors such as sleep deprivation, shift work and non-restorative sleep, as well as chronic disease or the treatment with drugs that negatively affect the level of vigilance. An association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and motor vehicle accidents has been found, with an increasing risk in OSA pati…

Conseguenze metaboliche dell'ipossia

2011

Riassunto La sopravvivenza in condizioni di ipossia dipende dall’attivazione di processi cellulari complessi, con risposte di adattamento (quali il potenziamento del trasporto di O2 attraverso l’aumento dell’eritropoiesi, l’attivazione dell’angiogenesi e l’aumento della glicolisi anaerobica) e l’inibizione di processi metabolici che richiedono alta disponibilità di O2. Ciò consente di mantenere l’omeostasi energetica anche in condizioni di ridotta disponibilità di O2. Nel modello fisiologico del soggiorno ad alta quota si verificano riduzione di peso e della capacità di lavoro associata a riduzione della massa muscolare, che però sono reversibili al ripristino di condizioni di normossia. Le…

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD): Should it be Considered a Systemic Disease?

2016

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked muscle disease characterized by progressive skeletal muscle loss and development of respiratory failure due to involvement of respiratory muscles. Similar to human DMD, the mdx mouse model lacks dystrophin but is characterized by relatively mild muscle injury, allowing testing the effects of mild endurance exercise training on dystrophic skeletal muscle. We were interested to study the effects of exercise training on airway cells in trained mdx mice by applying the same protocol previously tested in Swiss mice. We found that mdx mice showed little airway inflammation associated with training, but developed increasing apoptosis of airway cells…

Day and Night Control of COPD and Role of Pharmacotherapy: A Review

2020

Abstract The topic of 24-hour management of COPD is related to day-to-night symptoms management, specific follow-up and patients’ adherence to therapy. COPD symptoms strongly vary during day and night, being worse in the night and early morning. This variability is not always adequately considered in the trials. Night-time symptoms are predictive of higher mortality and more frequent exacerbations; therefore, they should be a target of therapy. During night-time, in COPD patients the supine position is responsible for a different thoracic physiology; moreover, during some sleep phases the vagal stimulation determines increased bronchial secretions, increased blood flow in the bronchial circ…

Aging and COPD affect different domains of nutritional status – The ECCE study.

2010

Nutritional evaluation and physical activity in scleroderma patients

2010

Metabolic syndrome

2015

OSA is a common disorder with major cardiovascular and metabolic consequences. OSA is often associated with metabolic syndrome, a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors, and prevalence of metabolic syndrome is particularly high in OSA patients. The role of obesity as a risk factor for OSA has been shown in population and clinical studies, and increased adipose tissue volume and neck circumference are closely linked with OSA, even though major sex-related differences exist. Besides OSA treatment, cardiometabolic risk factors should be assessed and possibly corrected in all OSA patients in order to reduce adverse events. Occurrence of metabolic syndrome should be investigated, and modifiable…

Sleep-disordered breathing in the elderly

2009

Purpose: The prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) increases with aging. SDB is a risk of hypertension, and both might lead to cognitive decline. However, the role of SDB and hypertension on the pathogenesis of age-related cognitive decline remains unclear. We examined the effects of these two diseases on cognitive function in elderly adults.

Personalized medicine in sleep respiratory disorders; focus on OSA diagnosis and treatment.

2017

In all fields of medicine, major efforts are currently dedicated to improve the clinical, physiological and therapeutic understanding of disease, and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is no exception. The personalised medicine approach is relevant for OSA, given its complex pathophysiology and variable clinical presentation, the interactions with comorbid conditions and its possible contribution to poor outcomes. Treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is effective, but CPAP is poorly tolerated or not accepted in a considerable proportion of OSA patients. This review summarises the available studies on the physiological phenotypes of upper airway response to obstruction durin…