Search results for "aqueduc"

Intrafamilial variability of the deafness and goiter phenotype in Pendred syndrome caused by a T416P mutation in the SLC26A4 gene.

2004

AbstractPendred syndrome (PS) is the most common cause of syndromic deafness, accounting for more than 5% of all autosomal-recessive hearing loss cases. It is characterized by bilateral sensorineural hearing loss and by goiter with or without hypothyroidism. Mutations in the SLC26A4 gene cause both classical PS and deafness associated with an enlarged vestibular aqueduct without goiter.To investigate a possible genotype-phenotype correlation in PS, we performed a detailed clinical and genetic study in three adult German sibs with typical PS caused by a common homozygous SLC26A4 mutation, T416P. An audiological long-term follow-up of 23 yr showed that the mutation T416P is associated with a …

Carbonates from the ancient world's longest aqueduct:A testament of Byzantine water management

2021

The fourth‐ and fifth‐century aqueduct system of Constantinople is, at 426 km, the longest water supply line of the ancient world. Carbonate deposits in the aqueduct system provide an archive of both archaeological developments and palaeo‐environmental conditions during the depositional period. The 246‐km‐long aqueduct line from the fourth century used springs from a small aquifer, whereas a 180‐km‐long fifth‐century extension to the west tapped a larger aquifer. Although historical records testify at least 700 years of aqueduct activity, carbonate deposits in the aqueduct system display less than 27 years of operation. This implies that the entire system must have been cleaned of carbonate…

Historical and Technical Notes on Aqueducts from Prehistoric to Medieval Times

2013

The aim of this paper is to present the evolution of aqueduct technologies through the millennia, from prehistoric to medieval times. These hydraulic works were used by several civilizations to collect water from springs and to transport it to settlements, sanctuaries and other targets. Several civilizations, in China and the Americas, developed water transport systems independently, and brought these to high levels of sophistication. For the Mediterranean civilizations, one of the salient characteristics of cultural development, since the Minoan Era (ca. 3200-1100 BC), is the architectural and hydraulic function of aqueducts used for the water supply in palaces and other settlements. The M…

Carbonate deposits from the ancient aqueduct of Béziers, France — A high-resolution palaeoenvironmental archive for the Roman Empire

2016

Abstract Carbonate deposits from a Roman aqueduct in Beziers, southern France, record environmental conditions during the late first century C.E. These deposits formed in a steep section of the aqueduct with a high flow velocity, which caused rapid deposition of up to 11 mm of calcite per year over a period of 22–24 years. The microstructure, trace element and stable isotope composition show that regular deposition was interrupted by high-discharge events, probably in response to heavy rainfall during autumn and winter, transporting colloidally- and particle-bound elements and depositing calcite with elevated δ 18 O values. Individual autumn high-discharge events coincide with abrupt decrea…

The aqueduct of Gerasa – Intra-annual palaeoenvironmental data from Roman Jordan using carbonate deposits

2021

Abstract Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) deposits from Roman aqueducts are an innovative archive to obtain local high-resolution palaeoenvironmental and archaeological data in interdisciplinary studies. Deposits from one of the aqueducts of the Roman city of Gerasa provide a record of 59 years during the 1st to 3rd centuries CE, divided into three sequences separated by plaster layers. Annual carbonate layers show an alternation of sparite, formed in winter, and micrite, formed in summer. Brown bands at the base of many sparite layers probably correspond to large rainstorms in early winter. A fine lamination present in the brown bands may be diurnal in origin. Stable isotope and trace element dat…

2016

AbstractAn inscription on the supporting wall of the inverted siphon of the aqueduct of the ancient Roman city of Patara, SW Turkey, explains how the wall collapsed during an earthquake and was subsequently restored. Carbonate deposits formed inside the aqueduct channel show cyclic stable isotope changes representing 17 years of deposition. This sequence, together with the text of the inscription, allows dating the earthquake to 68 AD and the original inauguration of the aqueduct to the winter of 51/52 AD. Thus, the carbonate deposits represent a high-resolution record of palaeotemperature and precipitation for SW Turkey covering the complete reign of the Emperor Nero. The period shows a co…

Experimental Study of Cross-flow Micro-turbines for Aqueduct Energy Recovery

2014

An important component of the management cost of aqueducts is given by the energy costs. Part of these costs can be recovered by transforming some of the many existing energy dissipations in electric energy by means of economic turbines. In this study an experimental work has been carried out: 1) to test the performance of an economic Cross-Flow turbine which maintains high efficiency within a large range of water discharges, and 2) to validate a new approximated formula relating main inlet velocity to inlet pressure. It is proved that the proposed formula, according to some simplifying assumption, exactly links inlet velocity to inlet pressure according to any possible geometry of the Cros…

Inter-basin water transfer conflicts. The case of the Tagus-Segura Aqueduct (Spain)

2020

Since its inauguration in 1979, the Tagus-Segura Aqueduct has become one of the hydraulic infrastructures that have given rise to the highest number of inter-regional conflicts in Spain during recent decades. The aim of this paper is to analyse the political, social, environmental and economic conflicts presented in the donor (Tagus) and recipient (Segura) basins of this infrastructure. To this end, through the holding of interviews with the main stakeholders and an analysis of the regulations, an assessment has been made of the results (for and against) of those who defend maintaining this infrastructure, owing to its far-reaching social and economic impact, and those who advocate its imme…

Rilievo e ricostruzione virtuale del Ponte Sud di Hierapolis di Frigia (Turchia)

2015

[ES] El artículo se refiere al levantamiento topográfico y la reconstrucción en 3D de un puente-acueducto romano situado inmediatamente al sur de Hierápolis, en Frigia (suroeste de Turquía), a lo largo del antiguo camino dirigido a Colosas, en el interior de Anatolia. Actualmente sólo se conservan su pilar sur y escasos restos del pilar norte. Se encuentra en una situación muy difícil, en el interior de un valle estrecho y profundo, y nunca se ha estudiado antes. Durante la campaña de trabajo de campo de 2011 de la Misión Arqueológica Italiana, fue examinado con un diferencial de alta precisión del sistema GPS (para la documentación del plan y su posicionamiento en el mapa digital arqueológ…

Laminated carbonate deposits in Roman aqueducts: Origin, processes and implications

2013

Carbonate deposits in Roman aqueducts of Patara and Aspendos (southern Turkey) were studied to analyse the nature of their regular layering. Optical microscopy and electron-backscattered diffraction results show an alternation of dense, coarsely crystalline, translucent laminae composed of bundles and fans of elongate calcite crystals with their c-axes parallel to the long axis, and porous, fine-grained laminae with crystals at near-random orientation. The ?18O and ?13C data show a strong cyclicity and anti-correlation, whereby high and low ?18O values correspond to dense columnar and porous fine-grained laminae, respectively. Geochemical analyses show similar cyclic changes in carbonate co…