Search results for "arbuscular mycorrhiza"

Ex vitro mycorrhization of vitro-derived plantlets of 'Carrizo' citrange [C. Sinensis (L.) Osb. × P. Trifoliata (L.) Raf.]

2015

In this study, vitro-derived plantlets of 'Carrizo' citrange were inoculated with Glomus intraradices during the acclimatization phase, from in vitro to in vivo. Plantlets were grown in presence (+M) and in absence of inoculum (-M) and in addition, in sterile and non-sterile substrate. After three months of culture, some vegetative parameters and the level of infection, varied greatly in the different theses. In particular, the highest formation of new branched roots has been observed in inoculated plantlets cultivated in sterile substrate. Good results were observed also in non-inoculated plantlets cultivated in non-sterile substrate, in presence of endemic inoculum. The same trend was obs…

SIMBIONTI RADICALI DI ASTRAGALUS NEBRODENSIS (GUSS.) STROBL.

2013

Le leguminose spontanee mediterranee hanno un elevato potenziale nei processi di rinaturalizzazione di ecosistemi degradati o semiaridi poiché stabiliscono simbiosi radicali con batteri azoto-fissatori e funghi micorrizici i quali, agendo sinergicamente, avvantaggiano la pianta per la nutrizione e la resistenza agli stress. Astragalus nebrodensis è un arbusto perenne appartenente alla famiglia delle Fabaceae, endemico in Sicilia; i simbionti radicali di questa specie non sono noti. Gli obiettivi di questo studio sono stati: 1) l’analisi della diversità dei rizobi simbionti di Astragalus nebrodensis; 2) la valutazione dell’effetto dell’inoculo di rizobi da collezione e di funghi micorrizici …

OVERVIEW OF SOME TECHNIQUES ON DETECTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI (A CASE STUDY IN ITALY)

2019

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are mutualistic symbionts widespread among both cultivated and wild plants. They have different beneficial roles including stimulating plant growth and tolerance to wide varieties of biotic as well as abiotic stresses. So,the exact and optimize methods for quantification and detection of these fungi in roots and soils are necessary.These techniques are based on fungal sporesmorphological characterization as well as molecular characterization of fungi in soil or root samples.The work was carried out at the Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP) of the National Research Council of Italy (CNR) in Turin. For this purpose, the AM fungal root colonization p…

Soil Nitrogen Form and Availability affect the role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Nitrogen Uptake and Nitrogen Recovery in Durum Wheat

2018

The term Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) is referred to the symbiosis between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant roots. Such symbiosis is the most widespread among plants (two out of three of the all plant taxa) including the majority of crops. AMF belong to the monophyletic subphylum Glomeromycotina which include obligate biotrophs that entirely relay on the host plant for the carbon source. In exchange, AMF provide their host several benefits which have been recognise in mitigation of biotic and abiotic stress, even though the main benefit ascribe to AMF is improving P uptake. However, although the AM symbiosis is considered as a classic example of a mutualistic symbiosis, many fact…

Le specie alloctone invasive in Sicilia: caratterizzazione del fenomeno, strategie di colonizzazione e possibili strategie di contrasto

2014

Yield and Quality of Mini-Watermelon as Affected by Grafting and Mycorrhizal Inoculum

2016

Grafting and mycorrhizal fungi have gained interest for the positive effects they can have on vegetable crops. The aim of this work was to study the combined effect of grafting with Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation on fruit yield and quality of mini-watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (thumb.) Matsum and Nakai]. Ungrafted plants or grafted onto rootstock RS 841 F1 (Cucurbita maxima × C. moschata) were transplanted to the field. During cultivation half of the plants were inoculated with a suspension of AMF. Plant growth, fruit yield and quality were evaluated. The inoculation of AMF determined a significant increase of root colonisation both for grafted and ungrafted plants…

Importance of dispersal and thermal environment for mycorrhizal communities: lessons from Yellowstone National Park

2011

International audience; The relative importance of dispersal and niche restrictions remains a controversial topic in community ecology, especially for microorganisms that are often assumed to be ubiquitous. We investigated the impact of these factors for the community assembly of the root-symbiont arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) by sampling roots from geothermal and nonthermal grasslands in Yellowstone National Park (YNP), followed by sequencing and RFLP of AMF ribosomal DNA. With the exception of an apparent generalist RFLP type closely related to Glomus intraradices, a distance-based redundancy analysis indicated that the AMF community composition correlated with soil pH or pH-driven c…

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, partners of the rhizostabilization process of an orphan mining site

2012

International audience

Dissection of Genetic Cell Programmes Driving Early Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Interactions

2008

The persistence through evolution of the arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) symbiosis between Glomeromycota and plants is probably due to a widespread molecular dialogue between the two partners. Most studies have focussed on established mycorrhizal systems whilst evidence for cellular commitment of the symbiotic partners during early developmental phases is recent. Whereas spore germination by AM fungi can occur spontaneously, subsequent hyphal branching, appressoria differentiation, root penetration and intraradical development leading to symbiosis establishment are under the control of molecular interactions between the two partners. In this chapter, recent work on AM fungus–plant interactions i…

Medicago truncatula

2012

In plants, long distance transport of sugars from photosynthetic source leaves to sink organs comprises different crucial steps depending on the species and organ types. Sucrose, the main carbohydrate for long distance transport is synthesized in the mesophyll and then loaded into the phloem. After long distance transport through the phloem vessels, sucrose is finally unloaded towards sink organs. Alternatively, sugar can also be transferred to non‐plant sinks and plant colonization by heterotrophic organisms increases the sink strength and creates an additional sugar demand for the host plant. These sugar fluxes are coordinated by transport systems. Main sugar transporters in plants compri…