Search results for "area under the curve"
showing 10 items of 140 documents
The kinetics of torque teno virus plasma DNA load shortly after engraftment predicts the risk of high-level CMV DNAemia in allogeneic hematopoietic s…
2018
Monitoring Torque teno virus (TTV) DNA load helps to estimate the risk of opportunistic infections in solid organ transplant recipients. We investigated whether the early kinetic pattern of plasma TTV DNA load after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) associates with subsequent CMV and EBV DNAemia. This study included 71 allo-HSCT patients. We found that the area under the curve (AUC) for log10 TTV DNA loads quantified by days 20 and 30 after transplantation (TTV DNA load AUC20-30), was significantly lower (P=0.036) in patients who subsequently developed CMV DNAemia requiring preemptive antiviral therapy (n=17) than in those who did not (n=8) or had no CMV DNAemia…
Mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin predicts poor outcome in non-selected patients admitted to an intensive care unit.
2018
AbstractBackgroundMortality risk and outcome in critically ill patients can be predicted by scoring systems, such as APACHE and SAPS. The identification of prognostic biomarkers, simple to measure upon admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) is an open issue. The aim of this observational study was to assess the prognostic value of plasma mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin (MR-proADM) at ICU admission in non-selected patients in comparison to Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHEII) and Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPSII) scores.MethodsAPACHEII and SAPSII scores were calculated after 24 h from ICU admission. Plasma MR-proADM levels were measured by TRACE-Kryptor…
Impact of nutritional status on the oral bioavailability of leucine administered to rats as part of a standard enteral diet.
2010
Summary Background To investigate the absorption and relative bioavailability of leucine administered orally as part of an enteral diet in well and malnourished animals. Methods Two groups – RN (regular nutrition) and PCR (protein-calorie restricted) – were fed with different diets for 23–25 days. Rats from each group were assigned randomly to one of three treatments (water, T-Diet Plus Standard ® (problem) or Isosource ST ® (reference)) administered in single ( N = 76) or multiple ( N = 39) doses. Blood samples were assayed for leucine content. Area under the curve (AUC) was calculated by non-compartmental analysis. Log-transformed AUC(s) were statistically compared by analysis of varian…
The association between low skeletal muscle mass and delirium: results from the nationwide multi-centre Italian Delirium Day 2017
2021
Abstract Introduction Delirium and sarcopenia are common, although underdiagnosed, geriatric syndromes. Several pathological mechanisms can link delirium and low skeletal muscle mass, but few studies have investigated their association. We aimed to investigate (1) the association between delirium and low skeletal muscle mass and (2) the possible role of calf circumference mass in finding cases with delirium. Methods The analyses were conducted employing the cross-sectional “Delirium Day” initiative, on patient 65 years and older admitted to acute hospital medical wards, emergency departments, rehabilitation wards, nursing homes and hospices in Italy in 2017. Delirium was diagnosed as a 4 + …
Investigating individual stress reactivity: High hair cortisol predicts lower acute stress responses
2020
Identifying individual differences in stress reactivity is of particular interest in the context of stress-related disorders and resilience. Previous studies already identified several factors mediating the individual stress response of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA). However, the impact of long-term HPA axis activity on acute stress reactivity remains inconclusive. To investigate associations between long-term HPA axis variation and individual acute stress reactivity, we tested 40 healthy volunteers for affective, endocrine, physiological, and neural reactions to a modified, compact version of the established in-MR stress paradigm ScanSTRESS (ScanSTRESS-C). Hair cortisol con…
Dose-Related Concentrations of Neuroactive/Psychoactive Drugs Expected in Blood of Children and Adolescents
2020
PURPOSE Therapeutic drug monitoring is highly recommended for children and adolescents treated with neurotropic/psychotropic drugs. For interpretation of therapeutic drug monitoring results, drug concentrations (C/D) expected in a "normal" population are helpful to identify pharmacokinetic abnormalities or nonadherence. Using dose-related concentration (DRC) factors obtained from pharmacokinetic data, C/D ranges expected under steady state can be easily calculated by multiplication of DRC by the daily dose. DRC factors, however, are defined only for adults so far. Therefore, it was the aim of this study to estimate DRC factors for children and adolescents and compare them with those of adul…
Transcutaneous sacral nerve stimulation for intraoperative verification of internal anal sphincter innervation.
2017
Background: The current standard for pelvic intraoperative neuromonitoring (pIONM) is based on intermittent direct nerve stimulation. This study investigated the potential use of transcutaneous sacral nerve stimulation for non‐invasive verification of pelvic autonomic nerves. Methods: A consecutive series of six pigs underwent low anterior rectal resection. For transcutaneous sacral nerve stimulation, an array of ten electrodes (cathodes) was placed over the sacral foramina (S2 to S4). Anodes were applied on the back, right and left thigh, lower abdomen, and intra‐anally. Stimulation using the novel method and current standard were performed at different phases of the experiment…
Validity of the Pupillographic Sleepiness Test for the diagnosis of daytime sleepiness in children and adolescents and its relationship to sleepiness…
2021
Objectives: To report validation data for the Pupillographic Sleepiness Test (PST) in children and adolescents, evaluate its applicability for diagnosing excessive daytime sleepiness and its relationship to sleepiness-associated outcomes. Methods: A cross-sectional diagnostic test accuracy study was performed. Patients underwent three PST at 9 a.m. (T1), 11 a.m. (T2) and 1 p.m. (T3) plus the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) on a single day. Additionally, two neurocognitive tests were performed and three questionnaires about quality of life, sleep-related self-efficacy and behavioural aspects completed. Gender-stratified z-values of the natural logarithm of the Pupillary Unrest Index (z-ln…
Novel multimetabolite prediction of walnut consumption by a urinary biomarker model in a free-living population: the PREDIMED study.
2014
The beneficial impact of walnuts on human health has been attributed to their unique chemical composition. In order to characterize the dietary walnut fingerprinting, spot urine samples from two sets of 195 (training) and 186 (validation) individuals were analyzed by an HPLC-q-ToF-MS untargeted metabolomics approach, selecting the most discriminating metabolites by multivariate data analysis (VIP ≥ 1.5). Stepwise logistic regression analysis was used to design a multimetabolite prediction biomarker model. The global performance of the model and each included metabolite in it was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curves, using the area under the curve (AUC) values. Dietary expos…
Neurogranin as a Novel Biomarker in Alzheimer's Disease
2020
Abstract Background In this study, we investigated the possible role of 2 novel biomarkers of synaptic damage, namely, neurogranin and α-synuclein, in Alzheimer disease (AD). Methods The study was performed in a cohort consisting of patients with AD and those without AD, including individuals with other neurological diseases. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neurogranin and α-synuclein levels were measured by sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Results We found significantly increased levels of CSF neurogranin and α-synuclein in patients with AD than those without AD. Neurogranin was correlated with total tau (tTau) and phosphorylated tau (pTau), as well as with cognitive declin…