Search results for "arteriosclerosi"
showing 10 items of 131 documents
Oxidative stress in vascular disease: causes, defense mechanisms and potential therapies
2007
Endothelial cells control vascular homeostasis by generating paracrine factors that regulate vascular tone, inhibit platelet function, prevent adhesion of leukocytes, and limit proliferation of vascular smooth muscle. The dominant factor responsible for many of those effects is endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO). Endothelial dysfunction characterized by enhanced inactivation or reduced synthesis of NO, alone or in combination, is seen in conjunction with risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Endothelial dysfunction can promote vasospasm, thrombosis, vascular inflammation, and proliferation of the intima. Vascular oxidative stress and increased production of reactive oxygen species con…
On the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: enzymatic transformation of human low density lipoprotein to an atherogenic moiety.
1995
Combined treatment with trypsin, cholesterol esterase, and neuraminidase transforms LDL, but not HDL or VLDL, to particles with properties akin to those of lipid extracted from atherosclerotic lesions. Single or double enzyme modifications, or treatment with phospholipase C, or simple vortexing are ineffective. Triple enzyme treatment disrupts the ordered and uniform structure of LDL particles, and gives rise to the formation of inhomogeneous lipid droplets 10-200 nm in diameter with a pronounced net negative charge, but lacking significant amounts of oxidized lipid. Enzymatically modified LDL (E-LDL), but not oxidatively modified LDL (ox-LDL), is endowed with potent complement-activating c…
Contribution of vitamin A to the oxidation resistance of human low density lipoproteins.
1995
This study investigated the antioxidant contribution of vitamin A in protecting human low density lipoprotein (LDL) against copper-stimulated oxidation. The presence of small amounts of retinol (0.033 ± 0.012 nmol/mol LDL) and retinyl palmitate (0.036 ± 0.021 nmol/mol LDL) was routinely ascertained in the LDL. A single oral supplementation with 20,000 IU vitamin A caused a two- to three-fold increase of retinol and retinyl palmitate in the LDL isolated 8 h after the supplementation. In comparison to autologous-control LDL, vitamin A-enriched LDL were more resistant to oxidation, as expressed both by a clear delay in the onset of lipid peroxidation and by a reduction of the rate of conjugate…
Tema 10_Valors lipídics
2023
El document forma part dels materials docents programats mitjançant l'ajut del Servei de Política Lingüística de la Universitat de València. Es tracta de material docent de l’assignatura endocrinologia i nutrició II del Grau de Medicina. Correspon al tema 10 de l’assignatura. S’inclou la classificació de risc cardiovascular, així com els objectius de lípids en funció del risc cardiovascular. This is teaching material for the endocrinology and nutrition II subject of the Degree in Medicine. Corresponds to topic 10 of the subject. Cardiovascular risk classification is included, as well as lipid targets based on cardiovascular risk.
Cuantificación del calcio mineral en la ateromatosis carotídea mediante angiografía por tomografía computarizada: perfil evolutivo y relación con la …
2017
Antecedentes: La cuantificación y caracterización del calcio (Ca) mineral (hidroxiapatita) en la bifurcación carotídea con AngioTC, y su relación con la sintomatología neurológica, en un estudio preliminar de casos y controles (Miralles y cols. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2006), constituye la base conceptual del presente estudio. Sus resultados, al igual que los de otras publicaciones, sugerían un posible papel protector del calcio en el desarrollo de eventos neurológicos. Sin embargo, su relación con la progresión de la ateromatosis carotídea ha sido escasamente analizado. Objetivos: Principales: 1. Diseñar un método de medición volumétrica de la ateromatosis (AE) carotídea y contenido de Ca …
Three-year follow-up of patients at intermediate probability of coronary artery disease assessed with Multislice Computed Tomography Coronary Angiogr…
2011
Purpose Methods and Materials Results Conclusion References Personal Information
Lipid-Mediated Relation between Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor Activity and Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Diseases in a Large Population Sample
2018
Abstract Background: Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), a Kunitz-type serine protease, is a potent anticoagulant protein in the extrinsic coagulation pathway and acts by inhibiting both the FXa and the Tissue Factor-FVIIa complex. In contrast to total and free TFPI antigen levels, the reference values and clinical determinants of total TFPI activity have not yet been studied in detail in the general population. In the present study, we aim to identify the cardiovascular determinants for total TFPI activity and investigate its association with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and total mortality, in a population at large. Methods: For this study, the first 4779 subjects of the population-ba…
Efectos vasculares de las nanopartículas de óxido de cerio en la vena safena humana
2022
Las nanopartículas de óxido de cerio (CeO2NPs) podrían tener un futuro prometedor como nanomaterial de uso médico debido a su poder antioxidante y su alta biocompatibilidad, entre otras características. Sin embargo, sus efectos en el sistema cardiovascular están poco estudiados y es por ello que, en la presente tesis nos centramos en el estudio de las CeO2NPs a nivel vascular, utilizando segmentos de vena safena interna humana. Nuestra hipótesis es que las CeO2NPs podrían tener propiedades antioxidantes a nivel vascular, especialmente por actuar como miméticas de la superóxido dismutasa (SOD) y disminuir los niveles del anión superóxido (.O2 ). Esto aumentaría la biodisponibilidad de óxido …
Marcadores de inflamación e insulinorresistencia en la hiperlipemia familiar combinada
2014
La hiperlipemia familiar combinada (HFC) es un modelo genético de dislipemia mixta con resistencia a la insulina (RI) y elevado riesgo de cardiopatía isquémica por el desarrollo precoz de arteriosclerosis. La RI es independiente del grado de obesidad y del fenotipo lipoproteico. Constituye, además, factor de riesgo cardiovascular en estos pacientes. Actualmente existe una gran evidencia de que en el desarrollo y progresión de la aterosclerosis subyacen mecanismos inmunológicos e inflamatorios. Algunos estudios han demostrado que proteínas de fase aguda y algunas interleucinas fueron factores predictivos de progresión y gravedad de enfermedad coronaria. Recientemente, en modelos animales y h…
Critical limb ischaemia: definition and natural hystory
2004
The term critical limb ischemia refers to a condition characterized by chronic ischemic at-rest pain, ulcers, or gangrene in one or both legs attributable to objectively proven arterial occlusive disease. Critical limb ischemia implies chronicity and is to be distinguished from acute limb ischemia. Its incidence is approximately 500 to 1000 per million year, with the highest rates among older subjects, smokers and diabetics. The rate of primary amputation ranges from 10% to 40%, and was performed only when no graftable distal vessels were present, or in neurologically impaired or hopelessly nonambulatory patients. Contrarily, in some highly specialized and aggressive centres about 90% of pa…