Search results for "atomism"
showing 10 items of 15 documents
Enseñanza de las ciencias : revista de investigación y experiencias didácticas
2003
Se discuten algunas de las conclusiones de varios trabajos históricos recientes sobre Amedeo Avogadro y la teoría atómica del siglo XIX. A través de pequeños extractos de publicaciones famosas de Avogadro, se analizan las características principales de sus aportaciones a la teoría atómica del siglo XIX. También se analizan los principales métodos de cálculo de pesos atómicos de esos años y se discute el papel de las ideas de Avogadro en este tema. Estas conclusiones se contrastan con la imagen que actualmente los libros de texto dan acerca de este autor. Finalmente, esta última comparación conduce a una discusión sobre el papel de la historia de la ciencia en los libros de texto. This paper…
Lògica i coneixement [Introducció]
1985
Hom estaria temptat de dir que Russell és molt més que un filòsof, que és un matemàtic, un físic, un polític, un literat, etc.; amb tot, s'ha preferit qualificar-lo sempre de filòsof, i així s'ha collaborat a fer que el mot filosofia recuperi el seu sentit inicial i que s'alliberi de la constant denigració a què ha estat sotmès per escolàstics de qualsevol disciplina. La filosofia de Russell conté una constant preocupació per les dues vessants de l'aventura humana: el coneixement i la vida; en la primera s'intenta contribuir al progrés del saber, i en la segona a «la conquesta de la felicitat ». I no es tracta de dues vessants separades: el progrés del saber contribueix a augmentar la felic…
Bertrand Russell e la filosofia dell'atomismo logico
2019
1903 was a particularly significant year for the history of European culture, both in term of the history of scientific thought and the history of philosophical thought. At Trinity College in Cambridge, George Edward Moore published the article The Refutation of Idealism in «Mind» magazine, while Bertrand Russell published The Principles of Mathematics. With these two works, besides discarding the mainstream neo-idealism in Great Britain during the second half of the nineteenth century, Moore and Russell promoted the new current of neo-positivism, from which logical empiricism and the socalled “scientific philosophy” was to be derived and cultivated within the Vienna Circle and the Berlin C…
Between Atoms and Humours. Lucretius' Didactic Poetry as a Model of Integrated and Bifocal Physiology
2012
Lucretius has often been regarded as one of the fathers of modern science, and also in recent years several studies have explored his influence far beyond a merely literary perspective. In this paper I analyse specifically the importance of the poet's 'eclectic' attitude in physiology from the point of view of his 'Fortleben' in early modern thought. I suggest that the typical eclectic combination of physics and biology, atomism and macroscopy, which the 'De rerum natura' shows in its didactic structure both through its images and even more through its conscious scientific reflection, built an attractive basis for attempts in the modern period at harmonising corpuscularian theories and qual…
Dall'atomismo fisiologico al relativismo gnoseologico
2015
Parlare della Sicilia nel contesto della civiltà europea e mediterranea implica il doveroso richiamo ad una tradizione preziosa, che abbiamo ricevuto in eredità da un passato molto lontano, e che coincide con l’origine della filosofi a occidentale. Tale tradizione risale al periodo che intercorre tra il VII e il VI secolo a.C., cioè alla fase storica in cui sono sorte le prime scuole filosofi che nelle colonie dell’Asia Minore, prima, e nelle colonie della Magna Graecia, dopo.
Die Embryologie im Spannungsfeld zwischen Tradition und Empirie.
1991
Already in classical antiquity people dealt with the principle of formation, developing different theories. Researchers in the renaissance, working in the conflict zone between tradition and experience, tried to prove one or the other of these theories by the means of new observations, especially of chicken development. Aldrovandi was the first to see the real principle of formation of the hen's egg, i. e. the blastodisc, but he didn't recognize the importance of his discovery due to his close adherence to Aristotle in the theoretical field. Fabricius even thought that traditional knowledge was of more importance than his own excellent observations. Parisano was the first to succeed in maki…
Polysemy and gestaltist computation. some notes on gestaltist compositionality
2019
The paper is devoted to the concept of Gestaltist Compositionality. It is divided into two parts. The first part will introduce a minimal definition of «Gestaltist Compositionality». Moreover, it will prove that the computations implemented by this model of compositionality are sufficiently flexible to ensure the presence of several orders of semantic determination. The second part will be devoted to an investigation of the consequences of this result with particular reference to the identification of some versions of compositionality which relax the condition of semantic atomism without weakening the links of determination between understanding of the compounds and understanding of the com…
Matter and Form in Sixteenth-Century Spain: Some Case Studies
2012
In the last few decades, scholars have rethought the history of matter theories in important ways, particularly with respect to the sources, origins and antecedents of atomism and corpuscularianism in the seventeenth century. In particular, recent commentators have shown that the supposed opposition between atomism and Aristotelianism is insufficient for understanding the historical development of matter theories and their conceptual plurality. Along with corpuscular doctrines dating back to Antiquity, such as those of Heron or Asclepiades, well treated in Lasswitz’s classic work, certain aspects of the Aristotelian corpus and tradition have contributed in important ways to subsequent corpu…
Correction to: Ernst Mach’s „Bekehrung“ zum Atomismus/Ernst Mach’s “Conversion” to Atomism – A Dialogue Between Mach and Popper-Lynkeus by Otto Blüh
2019
Otto Bluh was a great admirer of Ernst Mach’s and contributed a number of papers to Machian scholarship. It is believed that he wrote this skit around 1966, perhaps to coincide with the celebration of the 50th anniversary of Mach’s death and most likely for Bluh’s own amusement, as it was never published. It consists of an imaginary conversation in pseudo-Viennese dialect, between Mach and his friend, Josef Popper-Lynkeus based on the questionable tale of Mach’s conversion to atomism. This paper includes a brief introduction to the skit as well as its transcription and translation into English, published for the first time. It was also dramatized for the first time in occasion of the Ernst …
Perspectives on freedom : normative and political views on the preconditions of a free democratic society
2018
In today’s society we seem to be confronted with renewed struggles about the ideal of freedom. After decades of wide-spread belief in the benefits of globalization, marketization, open borders, and de-regulation, we are now facing a countermovement consisting of various forms of populism and nationalism that promise to restore borders, security and identity. Both movements seem to be informed by problematic conceptions of freedom: globalization and marketization are often accompanied by an ‘atomistic’ picture of society, whereby self-sufficient individuals compete in free markets, which neglects the social, political and cultural preconditions of individual freedom, and this can lead to fee…