Search results for "authorities"
showing 10 items of 53 documents
The Concept of Authority
1995
There is a general agreement that the concept of practical authority can be analysed as a right to impose obligations or commands on its subject and that this right is correlated with a duty to obey. Usually it is also implied that these rights and duties are mutually recognized. Thus authority is considered as a consensus-based notion. But it is important to notice that political authorities can have other functions, too. They can change the normative positions of their subjects by permitting, authorizing, delegating, exercising a veto, by declaring acts valid or invalid, etc. They can create and change definition rules, e.g. determine the values of units of payment. They are often authori…
Reglamentowana odwilż. Obóz „zamkowy” na emigracji wobec wydarzeń w Polsce i bloku komunistycznym w 1956 roku
2016
The article presents the position of “the Castle” on emigration (the President, government and the Council of the Republic of Poland) towards the events in Poland and the Eastern Bloc in 1956. The politicians and publicists of “the Castle”, observing some changes in the country, did not expect that they would lead to basic changes. The opinion prevailed that Poland was not an independent state and that the Soviet occupation still persisted. Propagating maximum demands (independence, restoration of the pre-war border in the east), they did not have much hope in an evolutionary course of changes. They opted for a deposition, and not a liberalisation of the communist system in Poland and the r…
Władze RP na uchodźstwie wobec sytuacji w Polsce w latach 1971–1975
2019
The article presents opinions and assessments o f the Polish authorities in exile (the president and the govemment) on the situation o f Poland in the first half of the 70s. The emigration authorities were absolutely against the inhuman actions during the December 1970 workers’ rebellion. The “Polish” London, lacking in information from the country, wrote about hundreds o f people killed and wounded. They were also pointing to the tragic economic situation o f Poland and the economic exploitation by the USSR. Emigration representatives o f the political elites idealised the attitude o f fellow citizens in Poland. In the opinion o f emigrants, the country remained in resistance to the impose…
Como as práticas ecológicas e o desperdício de alimentos influenciam o capital de marca do restaurante?
2020
Resumen El presente trabajo tuvo por objetivo evaluar la incidencia de las prácticas verdes, la innovación sostenible y el manejo del desperdicio alimentario en la construcción del capital de marca de los restaurantes. A partir de una investigación cuantitativa dirigida a responsables de restaurantes en Ecuador, se obtuvieron 120 cuestionarios válidos que permitieron estimar un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales a través de la regresión de mínimos cuadrados parciales. Los resultados obtenidos evidencian que las prácticas verdes orientadas a la formación del empleado y la innovación sostenible contribuyen significativamente a la reducción del desperdicio alimentario, que, a su vez, junto a l…
Efeitos da sustentabilidade e valor logístico nas relações entre empresas de transporte marítimo
2020
Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar cómo la sostenibilidad (económica, social y ambiental), bajo el enfoque de triple línea base, afecta la calidad de servicio, el valor logístico y la satisfacción en empresas del sector marítimo. Se propone un modelo teórico que se contrasta con la información suministrada por una muestra de 50 responsables de empresas (transitarios, importadores y exportadores) en Panamá. La información se analiza mediante la estimación de regresión por mínimos cuadrados parciales, que permite confirmar el carácter multidimensional de la sostenibilidad y del valor logístico. Los resultados también confirman que las percepciones de los clientes sobre las inici…
La Confederación fallida. Administración y usuarios en la cuenca del Turia (1928-1936)
2012
[EN] Between 1928 and 1936 the projects of river regulation in the Turia basin caused important conflicts. A private company, REVA, obtained a legal concession to build several reservoirs and hydropower stations. The traditional users rejected this initiative and promoted the creation of a basin authority, the Confederación Hidrográfica del Turia, in order to stop the private action, and to control the management of the river regulation. This article describes the different stages of this conflict, analyzing the position of all the involved agents, in order to improve our knowledge on a key period for the implementation of the Spanish basin authorities.
SOILPRO: a LIFE+ project implementing soil monitoring and protection together with regional stakeholders of Sicily and Peloponnese.
2011
According to the Thematic Strategy for Soil Protection, the LIFE+ ENV/IT/00428 SOILPRO project (http://www.soilpro.eu) has the overall objective of slowing down the progress of soil degradation in EU Member States, and supporting local and regional authorities (LRAs) in the identification and monitoring of risk areas. The monitoring of the on-going soil degradation processes and the evaluation of different protection measures are realized through a web-based application (SMS – Soil Monitoring System), developed according to data and knowledge obtained from the different project partners. The SMS was initially applied on the whole Sicily (Italy) and Peloponnese (Greece) regions and then test…
Riflessioni su soft law e autorità indipendenti anche nella prospettiva di alcune recenti pronunce giurisprudenziali
2022
Partendo dalla individuazione delle origini della soft law, il saggio tenta in prima battuta di reperirne una sua valida collocazione nel sistema delle fonti, per poi dedicarsi in particolare alla soft law delle Autorità indipendenti. Esse si pongono come nuovi soggetti regolatori di ampi segmenti del mercato, lasciati voluta- mente liberi dal Legislatore, capaci di porre in essere atti normativi e paranor- mativi che, sebbene non dotati di formale vincolatività, sono però “effettivi”, perché i regolati vi si adeguano spontaneamente avendo partecipato al procedi- mento di formazione. Questi nuovi atti, oltre che impattare con molteplici principi del costituzionali- smo contemporaneo, pongon…
SEZIONE IV - PORTI
2019
The chapter focuses on the managing bodies of seaports' contractual activity under the EU directives on public procurement and the Codice dei contratti pubblici. It describes the external limits of the legal notion of 'Seaport' and the mismatch between the notions of concession as defined by the EU directives and the Italian law concerning seaports administration. The conclusions reached are different for cargo-handling operations and passengers services, on the one hand, and services of general economic interest, on the other hand. The writing highlights that to face many interpretative doubts it is necessary distinguishing between the ports directly conducted by State or regional authorit…
I rapporti negoziali degli enti di gestione dei porti e il Codice dei contratti pubblici
2018
The Managing Bodies of Seaports' Contractual Activity and the Codice dei Contratti Pubblici. This paper analyses the area of subjection of the seaports managing bodies' contractual activity to the EU directives on public procurement, transposed by the Codice dei contratti pubblici. The article illustrates the external limits drawn by the notion of 'Seaport' defined by the mentioned legislation; then it focuses on the mismatch between the notion of concession defined by the EU directives and the homonym notion used by the Italian law concerning seaports administration. After showing that the conclusions are different depending on whether we consider cargo-handling operations and passengers s…