Search results for "availability"
showing 10 items of 510 documents
Population pharmacokinetic model of lithium and drug compliance assessment.
2016
Population pharmacokinetic analysis of lithium during therapeutic drug monitoring and drug compliance assessment was performed in 54 patients and 246 plasma concentrations levels were included in this study. Patients received several treatment cycles (1-9) and one plasma concentration measurement for each patient was obtained always before starting next cycle (pre-dose) at steady state. Data were analysed using the population approach with NONMEM version 7.2. Lithium measurements were described using a two-compartment model (CL/F=0.41Lh-1, V1/F=15.3L, Q/F=0.61Lh-1, and V2/F = 15.8L) and the most significant covariate on lithium CL was found to be creatinine clearance (reference model). Lith…
Impact of body weight, low energy diet and gastric bypass on drug bioavailability, cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic biomarkers: protocol for…
2018
IntroductionRoux-en-Y gastric bypass (GBP) is associated with changes in cardiometabolic risk factors and bioavailability of drugs, but whether these changes are induced by calorie restriction, the weight loss or surgery per se, remains uncertain. The COCKTAIL study was designed to disentangle the short-term (6 weeks) metabolic and pharmacokinetic effects of GBP and a very low energy diet (VLED) by inducing a similar weight loss in the two groups.Methods and analysisThis open, non-randomised, three-armed, single-centre study is performed at a tertiary care centre in Norway. It aims to compare the short-term (6 weeks) and long-term (2 years) effects of GBP and VLED on, first, bioavailability…
Towards a More Sustainable City: The Role of the Daylight Factor in Evaluating the Energy Requirements of Buildings
2018
The Daylight factor is the reference parameter used in Energy Standard EN15193:2008 to assess daylight contribution in the energy performance of buildings. But its efficacy in putting in relation buildings energy performance, daylight availability and visual tasks is now a subject of discussion in literature. In fact, the daylight factor is a static indicator independent from building geometry and environmental parameters. From the energy point of view, it has still to be assessed if it can ensure when the switch of artificial light is needed, representing therefore the most disadvantageous outdoor illuminance conditions. The goal of this study is demonstrating if the daylight factor calcul…
DiDuSoNet: A P2P architecture for Ditributed Dunbar-based Social Networks,
2015
Online Social Networks (OSNs) are becoming more and more popular on the Web. Distributed Online Social Networks (DOSNs) are OSNs which do not exploit a central server for storing users data and enable users to have more control on their profile content, ensuring a higher level of privacy. In a DOSN there are some technical challenges to face. One of the most important challenges is the data availability problem when a user is offline. In this paper we propose DiDuSoNet, a novel P2P Distributed Online Social Network where users can exercise full access control on their data. Our system exploits trust relationships for providing a set of important social services, such as trustness, informati…
Trusted dynamic storage for dunbar-based P2P online social networks
2014
Online Social Networks (OSNs) are becoming more and more popular in today's Internet. Distributed Online Social Networks (DOSNs), are OSNs which do not exploit a central server for storing users' data and enable users to have more control on their profile content, ensuring a higher level of privacy. The main challenge of DOSNs comes from guaranteeing availability of the data when the data owner is offline. In this paper we propose a new P2P dynamic approach to the problem of data persistence in DOSNs. By following Dunbar's approach, our system stores the data of a user only on a restricted number of friends which have regular contacts with him/her. Users in this set are chosen by considerin…
Child behavior and mother-child emotional availability in response to parent training program: moderators of outcome
2010
Abstract The aim of this study was to assess changes in child behavior and mother-child emotional availability after mother's participation in a parent training program, and to assess the role of various factors which might explain individual variability in these changes. After mothers had participated in the parent training program they reported less child externalizing behavior problems and less child internalizing behavior problems. The child's preschool teacher also reported decreased child externalizing problems during the post-training assessment measure. Observational measures showed increased mother-child emotional availability. Post-training behavioral differences were found depend…
Effects of dissolved organic matter from a eutrophic lake on the freely dissolved concentrations of emerging organic contaminants
2014
The authors studied the effects of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on the bioavailability of bisphenol A (BPA) and chloramphenicol by measuring the freely dissolved concentrations of the contaminants in solutions containing DOM that had been isolated from a mesocosm in a eutrophic lake. The abundance and aromaticity of the chromophoric DOM increased over the 25-d mesocosm experiment. The BPA freely dissolved concentration was 72.3% lower and the chloramphenicol freely dissolved concentration was 56.2% lower using DOM collected on day 25 than using DOM collected on day 1 of the mesocosm experiment. The freely dissolved concentrations negatively correlated with the ultraviolent absorption coef…
Impact of processing on mineral bioaccessibility/bioavailability
2019
Abstract A review is made of the influence of processing on the bioaccessibility/bioavailability of macrominerals (Ca, P, Mg and K) and microminerals (Fe, Cu, Zn and Se). In vegetable foods, household processes (dehulling, soaking, germination and fermentation) alone or with thermal processing increase mineral bioaccessibility, mainly referred to Fe, Cu, Zn, Se and Ca. The application of thermal processing to vegetable foods has different effects upon mineral bioaccessibility, with an overall increase in Ca and Fe and a decrease in Se. In turn, there is a general positive impact upon mineral bioaccessibility in animal foods when conventional thermal processing is used with shorter times and…
Biowaiver Monographs for Immediate-Release Solid Oral Dosage Forms: Folic Acid.
2018
This work presents a review of literature and experimental data relevant to the possibility of waiving pharmacokinetic bioequivalence studies in human volunteers for approval of immediate-release solid oral pharmaceutical forms containing folic acid as the single active pharmaceutical ingredient. For dosage forms containing 5 mg folic acid, the highest dose strength on the World Health Organization Essential Medicines List, the dose/solubility ratio calculated from solubility studies was higher than 250 mL, corresponding to a classification as "not highly soluble." Small, physiological doses of folic acid (≤320 μg) seem to be absorbed completely via active transport, but permeability data f…
Possible consequences of Brexit on European pharmaceutical market
2020
Brexit has been a hot topic of discussions since the referendum held in June 23 2016; the long and difficult negotiations and multiple delays of the Brexit have caused uncertainty and confusion in pharmaceutical industry in both UK and EU. As EU pharmaceutical companies have been part of UK pharmaceutical market for decades and makes considerable contribution to UK`s health system it is important to acknowledge what the Brexit might bring to the industry and how the company marketing strategies should be aligned to cope with the consequences caused by Brexit. Purpose of the article: The purpose of the research is to assess the influence of Brexit on EU and UK pharmaceutical markets and indu…