Search results for "average"
showing 10 items of 238 documents
The Scale Dependence of the Hadron Multiplicity in Quark and Gluon Jets and a Precise Determination of $C_{A}/C_{F}$
1999
\frac{C_A}{C_F} = 2.246 \pm 0.062~(stat.) \pm 0.080~(syst.) \pm 0.095~(theo.) Data collected at the Z resonance using the DELPHI detector at LEP are used to determine the charged hadron multiplicity in gluon and quark jets as a function of a transverse momentum-like scale. The colour factor ratio, \cacf, is directly observed in the increase of multiplicities with that scale. The smaller than expected multiplicity ratio in gluon to quark jets is understood by differences in the hadronization of the leading quark or gluon. From the dependence of the charged hadron multiplicity on the opening angle in symmetric three-jet events the colour factor ratio is measured to be: C_A/C_F = 2.246 \pm 0.0…
Investigation of the splitting of quark and gluon jets
1998
The splitting processes in identified quark and gluon jets are investigated using longitudinal and transverse observables. The jets are selected from symmetric three-jet events measured in Z decays L with the {\sc Delphi} detector in 1991-1994. Gluon jets are identified using heavy quark anti-tagging. Scaling violations in identified gluon jets are observed for the first time. The scale energy dependence of the gluon fragmentation function is found to be about two times larger than for the corresponding quark jets, consistent with the QCD expectation $C_A/C_F$. The primary splitting of gluons and quarks into subjets agrees with fragmentation models and, for specific regions of the jet resol…
Application of a radiative cooling model to daily minimum temperature prediction
1985
A model of exponential decrease of temperature is applied to the study of night cooling in an agricultural area of citrus orchards located near the Valentian Coast (Spain). A set of annual average parameters which determine that cooling is obtained by using temperature measurements at different levels during two years. These parameters appear to be representative of the thermal behaviour of the area of study. The attainment of such parameters allows a prediction of the minimum temperatures of the area to an accuracy of £1.5 K, knowing the temperature at sunset and some time later.
Finnish School in International Comparison
2016
Traditionally, one of the strengths of the Finnish education system has been students’ advanced reading literacy skills. In PISA assessments, the proficiency levels for mathematics and science have also been high in Finland. Albeit the average level of Finnish student performance has slightly declined in the latest PISA assessments, Finland is still among the highest-ranking countries in the world.
A Deep Reinforcement Learning scheme for Battery Energy Management
2020
Deep reinforcement learning is considered promising for many energy cost optimization tasks in smart buildings. How-ever, agent learning, in this context, is sometimes unstable and unpredictable, especially when the environments are complex. In this paper, we examine deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms developed for game play applied to a battery control task with an energy cost optimization objective. We explore how agent behavior and hyperparameters can be analyzed in a simplified environment with the goal of modifying the algorithms for increased stability. Our modified Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) agent is able to perform consistently close to the optimum over multi…
Anatomy of Trading Rules
2017
This key chapter presents a methodology for examining how the trading signal in a moving average rule is computed. Then using this methodology the chapter examines the computation of trading signals in all moving average rules and investigates the commonalities and differences between the rules. The main conclusion that can be drawn from this study is that the computation of the trading indicator in every rule, based on either one or multiple moving averages, can equivalently be interpreted as the computation of a single weighted moving average of price changes. The analysis presented in this chapter uncovers the anatomy of moving average trading rules, provides very useful insights about p…
A Forecasting Support System Based on Exponential Smoothing
2010
This chapter presents a forecasting support system based on the exponential smoothing scheme to forecast time-series data. Exponential smoothing methods are simple to apply, which facilitates computation and considerably reduces data storage requirements. Consequently, they are widely used as forecasting techniques in inventory systems and business planning. After selecting the most adequate model to replicate patterns of the time series under study, the system provides accurate forecasts which can play decisive roles in organizational planning, budgeting and performance monitoring.
Market Timing with a Robust Moving Average
2015
In this paper we entertain a method of finding the most robust moving average weighting scheme to use for the purpose of timing the market. Robustness of a weighting scheme is defined its ability to generate sustainable performance under all possible market scenarios regardless of the size of the averaging window. The method is illustrated using the long-run historical data on the Standard and Poor's Composite stock price index. We find the most robust moving average weighting scheme, demonstrates its advantages, and discuss its practical implementation.
Internet-Based Employer Search and Vacancy Duration: Evidence from Finland
2014
This study investigates the effect of the introduction of the public employment agency's Internet-based service on the duration of employer search. The analysis exploits the introduction of a web-based service by the Finnish Employment Agency in October 2002. The results, based on information on job vacancies announced via the public employment agency between 2002 and 2003, indicate that the introduction of the web service, in general, shortened the duration of employer search. However, we find that the introduction of the web-based service shortened the average duration of vacancies in some regions but not in others. In addition, employers in urban areas were more likely to benefit from th…
TRAVELLING TOWARDS AND FROM MINOR ISLANDS THROUGH NON-CONVENTIONAL AIR TRANSPORT: DEMAND AND COST ANALYSIS
2010
This research addresses the role of innovative forms of passenger air transport in favouring mobility of tourists visiting minor islands. In particular, we studied the feasibility of scheduled transport services using helicopter and seaplane for connecting Sicily in the south of Italy, to the near and very attractive Eolie Islands rapidly. In order to estimate the potential service demand, we allowed for the number of tourists arriving in the Eolie Archipelago during the period 1999-2008. In detail, we considered only the market of visitors with a high willingness-to-pay for time savings (individuals choosing superior hotels) coming from origins at least 300 km away from the Eolie Islands. …