Search results for "background"

showing 10 items of 556 documents

Extremely low frequency magnetic fields in residences in Germany. Distribution of measurements, comparison of two methods for assessing exposure, and…

2001

We examined the results of 1,835 magnetic field measurements in German residences conducted between November 1997 and September 1999. The measurements were part of an epidemiological study on the relationship between magnetic fields and childhood leukemia. We performed a fixed-location measurement of the magnetic field at 50 Hz and 16 2/3 Hz (frequency of the German railway system) over 24 h in the child's bedroom in the residence of each study participant. In addition, we conducted a second 24 h-measurement in the living room at 50 Hz, and spot measurements while walking through all rooms of the respective dwelling. Median 50 Hz magnetic fields above 0.2 muT were found to be infrequent in …

Measurement methodRadiationModels StatisticalTime FactorsField (physics)BiophysicsEnvironmental ExposureLiving roomPositive correlationGeodesyBackground levelMagnetic fieldNuclear magnetic resonanceElectromagnetic FieldsRisk FactorsGermanyHousingOdds RatioEnvironmental scienceHumansExtremely low frequencyChildGeneral Environmental ScienceArithmetic meanEnvironmental MonitoringRadiation and environmental biophysics
researchProduct

Managing group work in the classroom: An international study on perceived benefits and risks based on students’ cultural background and gender

2018

Working in groups has become an essential part of success of every organization operating in global economy. Therefore, the business sector has created an imperative for higher education institutions (HEIs) to modify study programs and prepare students to be effective team players. However, while group work has been highly encouraged among university students, their opinions on this practice remain rather neglected. In addition, the role of culture and gender in students’ perceptions of group work has received little attention. The purpose of this study is to examine how university students perceive group work in terms of its benefits and risks and whether their national culture and gender …

Medical educationCroatialcsh:HB71-74Strategy and Management05 social sciences050209 industrial relationsinternational studentslcsh:Economics as a sciencebenefitsGeneral Business Management and Accountinggroup worklcsh:HD72-88group work ; benefits ; risks ; focus group ; international students ; Spain ; Croatia ; culture ; gender.lcsh:Economic growth development planningCultural backgroundSpain0502 economics and businessGroup workgroup work; benefits; risks; international students; Spain; CroatiaPsychologyrisks050203 business & management
researchProduct

Mental health problems in adolescents with cochlear implants: Peer problems persist after controlling for additional handicaps

2015

The aims of the present multi-center study were to investigate the extent of mental health problems in adolescents with a hearing loss and cochlear implants (CIs) in comparison to normal hearing (NH) peers and to investigate possible relations between the extent of mental health problems of young CI users and hearing variables, such as age at implantation, or functional gain of CI. The survey included 140 adolescents with CI (mean age = 14.7, SD = 1.5 years) and 140 NH adolescents (mean age = 14.8, SD = 1.4 years), their parents and teachers. Participants were matched by age, gender and social background. Within the CI group, 35 adolescents were identified as “risk cases” due to possible an…

Mental Health ProblemsSocial backgroundHearing losslcsh:BF1-990multi handicapSpecial needsDisease clusterSpeech in noiseDevelopmental psychologySDQmedicinePsychologyadolescents10. No inequalityHearing LossGeneral PsychologyOriginal Researchbusiness.industry4. EducationPeer problemsMean agemulti-center studyStrengths and Difficulties QuestionnaireMental healthcochlear implants; adolescents; hearing loss; multi handicap; mental health problems; SDQ; peer problems; multi-center studyCochlear Implantslcsh:Psychologymedicine.symptombusinessClinical psychologyFrontiers in Psychology
researchProduct

Prediction of the gene expression measure by means of a GLMM

2007

Microarrays permit to scientists the screening of thousands of genes simultaneously to determine, for example, whether those genes are active, hyperactive or silent in normal or cancerous tissues. A primary task in microarray analysis is to obtain a good measure of the gene expression that can be used for a so called higher level analysis. Different methods have been proposed for high density oligonucleotide arrays (see Cope et al. (2004) for a review). Aim of this paper is to obtain a new gene expression measure based on the background correction model proposed by Mineo et al. (2006). The proposed method is validated by means of a free available data-set called Spike-In133 experiment, wher…

Microarray background correction gene expression measure GLMM.
researchProduct

SNEWS 2.0 : a next-generation supernova early warning system for multi-messenger astronomy

2021

The next core-collapse supernova in the Milky Way or its satellites will represent a once-in-a-generation opportunity to obtain detailed information about the explosion of a star and provide significant scientific insight for a variety of fields because of the extreme conditions found within. Supernovae in our galaxy are not only rare on a human timescale but also happen at unscheduled times, so it is crucial to be ready and use all available instruments to capture all possible information from the event. The first indication of a potential stellar explosion will be the arrival of a bright burst of neutrinos. Its observation by multiple detectors worldwide can provide an early warning for t…

Milky WayAstrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical PhenomenasatelliteFOS: Physical sciencesGeneral Physics and Astronomy01 natural sciencesHigh Energy Physics - Experiment010305 fluids & plasmasHigh Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)Astronomi astrofysik och kosmologistar0103 physical sciencessupernova[PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex]Astronomy Astrophysics and Cosmology010306 general physicssupernova neutrinoscaptureAstrophysics::Galaxy AstrophysicsHigh Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)Astroparticle physicsPhysicsWarning systemSupernova Early Warning SystembackgroundAstronomysensitivityGalaxySupernovaelectromagneticNeutrino detectorsupernova neutrinos; multi-messenger astronomy; particle astrophysicsneutrino: burstgalaxyNeutrinoAstrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomenamulti-messenger astronomy[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]particle astrophysics
researchProduct

Structures optiques dissipatives en cavité laser à fibre

2011

This thesis presents a study of the nonlinear dissipative dynamics of localized of self organized structures in passively mode-locked fiber laser through nonlinear polarization evolution. We reveal the existence of a gradual transition from the quasi-cw to mode locked dynamics in the multi-pulsing regime. We emphasize on the intermediate state, where various new dynamics are observed. We study collective behaviors of dissipative solitons in the presence of a continuous background. One of the complex and attractive dynamics presented is the "soliton rain", which composed of three field components : continuous modes of background, drifting of solitons and condensed phase solitons. This dynami…

Multi-pulse regimeSoliton dissipatifRespiration spectraleInteractions solitons-fond continuNonlinear polarization evolutionDissipative solitonsDispersion-managed fiber laser[ PHYS.COND.CM-GEN ] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other]Laser à fibre à gestion de dispersionSolitons-background interactionsMode locking[PHYS.COND.CM-GEN] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other]Blocage de modesFonctionnement multi-impulsionnelEvolution non linéaire de la polarisation[PHYS.COND.CM-GEN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other]Spectral breathing
researchProduct

Association between climate and new daily diagnoses of COVID-19

2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough evidence is accumulating that climate conditions may positively or negatively influence the scale of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks, uncertainty remains concerning the real impact of climate factors on viral transmission. Methods. The number of new daily cases of COVID-19 diagnosed in Verona (Italy) was retrieved from the official website of Veneto Region, while information on daily weather parameters in the same area was downloaded from IlMeteo website, a renowned Italian technological company specialized in weather forecasts. The search period ranged between March 1 to November 11, 2020. The number of new daily COVID-19 cases and meteorological da…

Multivariate analysisCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)Leadership and ManagementStrategy and Management2020. The number of new daily COVID-19 cases and meteorological data in Verona were correlated using both univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: The number of daily COVID-19 diagnoses in Verona was positively associated with the number of days in lockdown and humidity1% decrease in humidityWind speedmin and max temperatureand influence the likelihood or course of local COVID-19 outbreaks. Preventive measuresHealth Information Managementa renowned Italian technological company specialized in weather forecasts. The search period ranged between March 1 and November 11mean air temperature1.2% and 5.4% reduction in new COVID-19 daily diagnoses. A significant difference was observed in values of all-weather parameters recorded in Verona between days with &ltHealth Policy1 km/h increase in wind speed and day with rainfall were independently associated with 1.0%Significant differencehumidityUnivariateOutbreakHumidityand inversely correlated with meanmean wind speed and number of days with rainfall. Days of lockdownwhile information on daily weather parameters in the same area was downloaded from IlMeteo websitetesting policies and hospital preparedness should be reinforced during periods of higher meteorological risk and in local environments with adverse climate conditions.Background: Although evidence is accumulating that climate conditions may positively or negatively influence the scale of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks0.3%uncertainty remains concerning the real impact of climate factors on viral transmission. Methods: The number of new daily cases of COVID-19 diagnosed in Verona (Italy) was retrieved from the official website of Veneto RegionGeography100 or ≥100 new daily COVID-19 diagnoses. Conclusions: Climate conditions may play an essential role in conditions of viral transmissionAir temperaturemean wind speed and number of days with rainfall remained significantly associated in multivariate analysis. The four weather parameters contributed to explaining 61% of variance in new daily COVID-19 diagnoses. Each 1% increase in air temperatureBackground: Although evidence is accumulating that climate conditions may positively or negatively influence the scale of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks uncertainty remains concerning the real impact of climate factors on viral transmission. Methods: The number of new daily cases of COVID-19 diagnosed in Verona (Italy) was retrieved from the official website of Veneto Region while information on daily weather parameters in the same area was downloaded from IlMeteo website a renowned Italian technological company specialized in weather forecasts. The search period ranged between March 1 and November 11 2020. The number of new daily COVID-19 cases and meteorological data in Verona were correlated using both univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: The number of daily COVID-19 diagnoses in Verona was positively associated with the number of days in lockdown and humidity and inversely correlated with mean min and max temperature mean wind speed and number of days with rainfall. Days of lockdown mean air temperature humidity mean wind speed and number of days with rainfall remained significantly associated in multivariate analysis. The four weather parameters contributed to explaining 61% of variance in new daily COVID-19 diagnoses. Each 1% increase in air temperature 1% decrease in humidity 1 km/h increase in wind speed and day with rainfall were independently associated with 1.0% 0.3% 1.2% and 5.4% reduction in new COVID-19 daily diagnoses. A significant difference was observed in values of all-weather parameters recorded in Verona between days with <100 or ≥100 new daily COVID-19 diagnoses. Conclusions: Climate conditions may play an essential role in conditions of viral transmission and influence the likelihood or course of local COVID-19 outbreaks. Preventive measures testing policies and hospital preparedness should be reinforced during periods of higher meteorological risk and in local environments with adverse climate conditions.DemographyJournal of Hospital Management and Health Policy
researchProduct

Global, regional, and national burden of mortality associated with non-optimal ambient temperatures from 2000 to 2019: a three-stage modelling study

2021

Background: Exposure to cold or hot temperatures is associated with premature deaths. We aimed to evaluate the global, regional, and national mortality burden associated with non-optimal ambient temperatures. Methods: In this modelling study, we collected time-series data on mortality and ambient temperatures from 750 locations in 43 countries and five meta-predictors at a grid size of 0·5° × 0·5° across the globe. A three-stage analysis strategy was used. First, the temperature–mortality association was fitted for each location by use of a time-series regression. Second, a multivariate meta-regression model was built between location-specific estimates and meta-predictors. Finally, the gri…

Multivariate statisticsHot TemperatureHealth (social science)Grid sizeMedicine (miscellaneous)mortality ratemedical researchtemperature mortalityBackground exposureGE1-350residentBurden of MortalityAmbient temperature610 Medicine & healthThree stageHealth PolicyMortality rateadultpublic healthTemperaturearticlePublic Health Global Health Social Medicine and EpidemiologyCold TemperatureGeographyfemaleModelling Studyweatherenvironmental temperatureAvaliação do Risco360 Social problems & social servicesNon-optimal Ambient TemperaturesAsiaClimate Change610 Medicine & healthEastern Europemale360 Social problems & social servicescontrolled studyhumanMortalityNational healthAustraliaPublic Health Environmental and Occupational Healthmajor clinical studyEnvironmental sciencesPremature deathFolkhälsovetenskap global hälsa socialmedicin och epidemiologiAfrica south of the SaharaResearch counciltime series analysiscold stressheatDeterminantes da Saúde e da DoençaDemography
researchProduct

Graph Filtering with Quantization over Random Time-varying Graphs

2019

Distributed graph filters can be implemented over wireless sensor networks by means of cooperation and exchanges among nodes. However, in practice, the performance of such graph filters is deeply affected by the quantization errors that are accumulated when the messages are transmitted. The latter is paramount to overcome the limitations in terms of bandwidth and computation capabilities in sensor nodes. In addition to quantization errors, distributed graph filters are also affected by random packet losses due to interferences and background noise, leading to the degradation of the performance in terms of the filtering accuracy. In this work, we consider the problem of designing graph filte…

Network packetComputer scienceComputationQuantization (signal processing)020206 networking & telecommunications010103 numerical & computational mathematics02 engineering and technologyNetwork topology01 natural sciencesGraphBackground noise0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineering0101 mathematicsWireless sensor networkAlgorithm2019 IEEE Global Conference on Signal and Information Processing (GlobalSIP)
researchProduct

GEANT4 simulation of the neutron background of the C6D6 set-up for capture studies at n_TOF

2014

The neutron sensitivity of the C6D6 detector setup used at n_TOF facility for capture measurements has been studied by means of detailed GEANT4 simulations. A realistic software replica of the entire n_TOF experimental hall, including the neutron beam line, sample, detector supports and the walls of the experimental area has beeni mplemented in the simulations. The simulations have been analyzed in the same manner as experimental data, in particular by applying the Pulse Height Weighting Technique. The simulations have been validated against a measurement of the neutron background performed with anatC sample, showing an excellent agreement above 1 keV. At lower energies, an additional compo…

Neutron captureNuclear and High Energy PhysicsPhysics - Instrumentation and DetectorsAstrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical PhenomenaGEANT4 simulations; Neutron time of flight; Neutron background; n_TOF; Neutron captureFOS: Physical sciencesNeutronN-TOF7. Clean energy01 natural sciencesPartícules (Física nuclear)Nuclear physicsCross section (physics)0103 physical sciencesNeutronNuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)010306 general physicsGEANT4 simulations;N-TOF;Neutron time of flight;Neutron capture;Neutron backgroundNuclear ExperimentInstrumentationphysics.ins-detNuclear ExperimentGEANT4Line (formation)Particles (Nuclear physics)PhysicsBonner sphere:Energies::Energia nuclear [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC]NeutronsGEANT4 simulation:Física [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC]010308 nuclear & particles physicsDetectorFísicaNeutron sensitivityDetectorInstrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)Neutron radiationNEUTRON TIME OF FLIGHTNeutron captureBackgroundDeuteriumN_TOFGEANT4 simulationsNeutron backgroundSimulation
researchProduct