Search results for "bee"
showing 10 items of 628 documents
Determination of mycotoxins in bee pollen by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
2013
Bee pollen, promoted as a natural food supplement, is consumed increasingly by people to maintain a healthy diet. Depending on environmental conditions, pollen can also be an optimum medium for growth of molds such as Fusarium and Penicillium . A quick, easy, cheap, rapid, and safe (QuEChERS) extraction procedure followed by a gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) determination of eight selected Fusarium toxins in bee pollen was developed and optimized. Recovery studies at 20, 80, and 1000 μg/kg showed values between 73 and 95% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of15% for all studied mycotoxins. Limits of quantitation (LOQ) ranged from 1 to 4 μg/kg. The proposed metho…
Occurrence of Fusarium mycotoxins and their dietary intake through beer consumption by the European population
2014
Abstract Since cereals are raw materials for production of beer and beer-based drinks, the occurrence mycotoxins in 154 beer samples was topic of investigation in this study. The analyses were conducted using QuEChERS extraction and gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry determination. The analytical method showed recoveries for vast majority of analytes ranged from 70% to 110%, relative standard deviations lower than 15% and limits of detection from 0.05 to 8 μg/L. A significant incidence of HT-2 toxin and deoxynivalenol (DON) were found in 9.1% and 59.7% of total samples, respectively. The exposure of European population to mycotoxins through beer consumption was assessed. No toxicol…
Survey of the mycobiota of Spanish malting barley and evaluation of the mycotoxin producing potential of species of Alternaria, Aspergillus and Fusar…
2005
The present work deals with the toxigenic mycobiota occurring in Spanish malting barley and the capability for producing mycotoxins by several important toxigenic fungi. One hundred and eighty seven samples of malting barley were gathered from Spanish breweries before processing. One hundred and fifty kernels per sample were surface-sanitized with a 2% sodium hypochlorite solution and incubated on three culture media. The most abundant fungi were species of Alternaria, Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium, which were present in 93%, 82.3%, 57.8% and 27.8% of the samples, respectively. To evaluate their mycotoxin producing potential a number of isolates belonging to each genus, except Penic…
66 In vitro comparison of six raw materials on gastric ecosystem activity and acidity
2021
International audience; The great biochemical variability of the raw materials used in horse feeds can induce changes in gastric fermentation, and therefore affect gastric health through the resulting acidity of the bacterial end products. This in vitro trial compared the effect of 6 raw materials (BA: barley; WB: wheat bran; OA: oats; SM: sunflower meal; SB: sugar beet pulp; AL: alfalfa – Table 1) commonly used in horse feeds on gastric bacterial fermentation and buffering capacity. In 3 horses fed a mixture of the 6 raw materials 3h before sampling, gastric chyme was collected via a nasogastric tube and mixed. Bottles containing 1mL of the mixed gastric chymes, 50mL dilution medium and 1.…
The role of swarming sites for maintaining gene flow in the brown long-eared bat (Plecotus auritus)
2004
Bat-swarming sites where thousands of individuals meet in late summer were recently proposed as 'hot spots' for gene flow among populations. If, due to female philopatry, nursery colonies are genetically differentiated, and if males and females of different colonies meet at swarming sites, then we would expect lower differentiation of maternally inherited genetic markers among swarming sites and higher genetic diversity within. To test these predictions, we compared genetic variance from three swarming sites to 14 nursery colonies. We analysed biparentally (five nuclear and one sex-linked microsatellite loci) and maternally (mitochondrial D-loop, 550 bp) inherited molecular markers. Three m…
Medfly Ceratitis capitata as Potential Vector for Fire Blight Pathogen Erwinia amylovora: Survival and Transmission
2015
Monitoring the ability of bacterial plant pathogens to survive in insects is required for elucidating unknown aspects of their epidemiology and for designing appropriate control strategies. Erwinia amylovora is a plant pathogenic bacterium that causes fire blight, a devastating disease in apple and pear commercial orchards. Studies on fire blight spread by insects have mainly focused on pollinating agents, such as honeybees. However, the Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly) Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae), one of the most damaging fruit pests worldwide, is also common in pome fruit orchards. The main objective of the study was to investigate whether E. amylovora can survive and be tra…
Genomic basis of drought resistance inFagus sylvatica
2020
In the course of global climate change, central Europe is experiencing more frequent and prolonged periods of drought. These drought events have severe and detrimental impacts on the forest ecosystem. The drought years 2018 and 2019 affected European beeches (Fagus sylvatica L.) in noticeably different ways: even in the same local stand, badly drought damaged trees immediately neighboured apparently healthy trees. This led to the hypothesis that the genotype rather than the environment was responsible for this conspicuous pattern. We used this natural experiment to study the genomic basis of drought resistance in a Pool-GWAS approach. Contrasting the extreme phenotypes, we identified 106 si…
Development and characterization of microsatellite markers in the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata
2006
The characterization of 11 Leptinotarsa decemlineata microsatellite loci isolated using the fast isolation by AFLP of sequences containing repeats (FIASCO) protocol is reported. Three to 15 alleles per locus were detected in 54 beetles collected from four populations of L. decemlineata. The mean number of alleles was 7.4 ± 3.2 and the level of expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.451 to 0.798. The total exclusionary probabilities using these loci for the first and the second parent were 0.982 and 0.999, respectively. These are the first microsatellite loci characterized from the Colorado potato beetles that can be used for estimating genetic diversity, population structure and parentage an…
Molecular Characterization of New Natural Hybrids of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and S. kudriavzevii in Brewing▿ †
2008
ABSTRACT We analyzed 24 beer strains from different origins by using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of different gene regions, and six new Saccharomyces cerevisiae × Saccharomyces kudriavzevii hybrid strains were found. This is the first time that the presence in brewing of this new type of hybrid has been demonstrated. From the comparative molecular analysis of these natural hybrids with respect to those described in wines, it can be concluded that these originated from at least two hybridization events and that some brewing hybrids share a common origin with wine hybrids. Finally, a reduction of the S. kudriavzevii fraction of the hybrid genomes was observed, but th…
Caracterización, Inventariación y aplicación del método de Valoración Biogeográfica de paisajes vegetales (LANBIOEVA) a la comarca de Collsacabra (Gi…
2018
The study presented in this paper takes part of a research project (LANBIOEVA: Landscape Biogeographic Evaluation) carried out for the past 25 years and it is, for now, its last stage. It’s a global landscape valuation method focused on vegetation as a main element of different units that can be evaluated. So far, the use of this method has resulted in numerous works: books, articles, book chapters, communications and presentations, and it has been applied in the study of different temperate and boreal regions of Europe and America. The method has been applied in the study and assessment of diverse vegetation landscapes of the Collsacabra shire (Girona). The objective is to verify its effec…