Search results for "beech"
showing 10 items of 51 documents
Production and turnover of organic matter in three southern European Fagus sylvatica L
1999
Above-ground biomass, litterfall and litter accumulation and decomposition at the soil surface were studied within three Mediterranean beech forests from Italy, France and Spain in order to better understand the recycling of elements associated with the turnover organic matter Above-ground tree biomass amounted to 131.9 Mg ha-1 at Etna (Italy), 134.2 Mg ha-1 at Sierra de la Demanda (Spain) and 223.9 Mg ha-1 at Mont Lozère (France). The highest amount of total litterfall was observed at Sierra de la Demanda (4.7 Mg ha-1 year-1), followed by the Mont Lozère (4.4 Mg ha-1 year-1) and Etna (3.9 Mg ha-1 year-1). Total organic matter accumulated on the soil surface in the three beech forests amoun…
Thermomechanical Characterization of Polylactic Acid and Composites
2018
This paper presents the experimental tests for the thermomechanical characterization of biopolymer polylactic acid, and its composites with beech flour or with nanoreiforcement of modified montmorillonite, in order to evaluate any applicability in the automotive sector. Tests of torque and traction are executed for the mechanical characterization and the results comparison; dynamical tests are executed for the thermomechanical characterization, determining the elastic modulus and loss factor versus the actual temperature.
Caratterizzazione termomeccanica dell’acido polilattico e due suoi compositi
2018
Questa memoria presenta i test sperimentali per la caratterizzazione termomeccanica del biopolimero acido polilattico e dei suoi compositi con farina di faggio o con nanorinforzo di montmorillonite modifcata, per uno studio di applicabilità nel settore automobilistico. Per la caratterizzazione meccanica e il confronto dei risultati vengono eseguiti prove di coppia e di trazione; i test dinamici vengono eseguiti per la caratterizzazione termomeccanica, determinando il modulo elastico e il fattore di perdita rispetto alla temperatura effettiva. This paper presents the experimental tests for the thermomechanical characterization of biopolymer polylactic acid, and its composites with beech flour…
Uniform climate sensitivity in tree-ring stable isotopes across species and sites in a mid-latitude temperate forest.
2014
Tree-ring stable isotopes, providing insight into drought-induced eco-physiological mechanisms, are frequently used to reconstruct past changes in growing season temperature and precipitation. Their climatic response is, however, still not fully understood, particularly for data originating from non-extreme, mid-latitude environments with differing ecological conditions. Here, we assess the response of δ(13)C, δ(18)O and tree-ring width (TRW) from a temperate mountain forest in the Austrian pre-Alps to climate and specific drought events. Variations in stem growth and isotopic composition of Norway spruce, common beech and European larch from dry, medium and moist sites are compared with re…
Root-induced tree species effects on the source/sink strength for greenhouse gases (CH4, N2O and CO2) of a temperate deciduous forest soil
2013
Through their leaf litter and throughfall water, tree species can have a pronounced influence on soil chemistry. However, there is little knowledge of species-specific root effects on greenhouse gas fluxes between forest soils and the atmosphere. By growing saplings of beech (Fagus sylvatica) and ash (Fraxinus excelsior) in monoculture or mixture at defined atmospheric and soil conditions in rhizotrons, we tested four hypotheses related to potential root-induced tree species effects on the uptake of CH4 and the emission of N2O and CO2 from the soil. This design excluded putative effects of leaf litter mineralisation on trace gas fluxes. Gas fluxes were measured biweekly using the closed cha…
A new approach in the monitoring of the phytosanitary conditions of forests: the case of oak and beech stands in the Sicilian Regional Parks.
2016
The objective of this study was to investigate the health conditions of oak and beech stands in the three Regional Parks of Sicily (Etna, Madonie and Nebrodi). A total of 81 sampling areas were investigated, 54 in oak stands and 27 in beech stands. The phytosanitary conditions of each tree within the respective sampling area was expressed with a synthetic index namely phytosanitary class (PC). Oak stands showed severe symptoms of decline, with 85% of the sampling areas including symptomatic trees. In general, beech stands were in better condition, with the exception of Nebrodi Park, where trees showed severe symptoms of decline. On oak trees, infections of fungal pathogens were also observe…
Aphyllophoraceous wood-inhabiting fungi on Fagus sylvatica in Italy
2007
166 species representing 84 genera of aphyllophoraceous fungi growing on Fagus sylvatica in Italy are listed. Steccherinum robustius is reported as new to Italy, while many species are considered rare in Italy, e.g. Antrodiella ichnusana, Crustomyces subabruptus and Dentipellis fragilis.
The southernmost beech (Fagus sylvatica) forests of Europe (Mount Etna, Italy): ecology, structural stand-type diversity and management implications
2013
The southernmost European beech forests are located in the upper forest vegetation belt on Mount Etna volcano. Their standstructural patterns were analysed to assess the effects of the site-ecological factors and previous management practices on the forest structure. Five main structural-silvicultural types were identified among the main beech forest types: coppice, highmountain coppice (HMCo), high forest, coppice in conversion to high-forest and non-formal stand. A detailed standstructural analysis was carried out through measured dendrometric parameters and derived structural characters linked to both the horizontal and the vertical profiles. Plant regeneration processes were also assess…
Sulphur Stored in Forest Soils and the Relative Importance of Organic and Inorganic Forms. Examples from Mont-Lozère (Southern Massif Central)
1995
From studies initiated in 1981, the mean annual hydrochemical budget established in three experiment watersheds at Mont-Lozere demonstrated that sulphur is retained in soils and in arenaceous formations (Lelong et al. 1990). Soils were developed on weathered granite materials that were strongly reworked by periglacial processes. One watershed is covered with grasses (Bassin de la Cloutasse) and the two others by forest. A beech coppice (Fagus sylvatica L.) and a Norway spruce forest (Picea abies (L.) Karst., hereafter shortened to “spruce”) occupy the Bassin de La Sapine (54 ha) and the Bassin of La Latte (20 ha), respectively. Unfortunately, as a result of a parasite attack, a large part o…
Popolamenti marginali di faggio e cambiamenti climatici: criticità dell’applicazione di pratiche colturali classici in ambiente mediterraneo (Sicilia)
2013
Il faggio (Fagus sylvatica) è tra le specie forestali più importanti d’Europa per distribuzione, selvicoltura, rilevanza paesaggistica. Il faggio in Sicilia raggiunge il limite meridionale del proprio areale, nonché le quote altitudinali più elevate in Europa (timberline intorno a 2000 s.l.m.), localizzandosi sui Monti Nebrodi, Madonie ed Etna. La maggior parte di questi soprassuoli è stata tradizionalmente governata a ceduo semplice matricinato, seppur raramente all’interno di un quadro di interventi pianificati di lungo periodo, e molti popolamenti recentemente hanno subito primi interventi di avviamento alla conversione a fustaia. L’assetto attuale di questi soprassuoli è tuttavia destin…