Search results for "behavioral disciplines and activities"
showing 10 items of 1145 documents
Auditory cortical and hippocampal-system mismatch responses to duration deviants in urethane-anesthetized rats
2013
Any change in the invariant aspects of the auditory environment is of potential importance. The human brain preattentively or automatically detects such changes. The mismatch negativity (MMN) of event-related potentials (ERPs) reflects this initial stage of auditory change detection. The origin of MMN is held to be cortical. The hippocampus is associated with a later generated P3a of ERPs reflecting involuntarily attention switches towards auditory changes that are high in magnitude. The evidence for this cortico-hippocampal dichotomy is scarce, however. To shed further light on this issue, auditory cortical and hippocampal-system (CA1, dentate gyrus, subiculum) local-field potentials were …
Mental Skills of an Athlete as a Resource of Professional Longevity in Sport
2021
The aim of the study was to assess associations between dimensions of mental skills, psychological readiness and predictors of career longevity among current athletes. Mental skills dimensions were measured with the Ottawa Mental Skills Assessment Tool (OMSAT). The psychological predictors of athletic career longevity were measured with the Athletic Coping Skills Scale-28 (the ACSI-28) producing scores for seven coping skills and with the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) which produced scores for confidence in competition. Overall, 253 current athletes (average age 22 years) of various competitive levels (classified to 5 groups according to the national sport classification sy…
Behavioral Inhibition Underlies the Link Between Interoceptive Sensitivity and Anxiety-Related Temperamental Traits
2017
Interoceptive sensitivity is a biologically determined, constitutional trait of an individual. High interoceptive sensitivity has been often associated with proneness to anxiety. This association has been explained by elevated autonomic responsiveness in anxious individuals. However, in a heartbeat discrimination task (discrimination of heartbeats’ simultaneity to an external stimulus) low cardiac responsiveness has accompanied enhanced performance. The relation between these factors seems task dependent, and cannot comprehensively explain the link between interoceptive sensitivity and anxiety. We explored for additional explanatory factors for this link. More specifically, we studied which…
The role of temperament in children's affective and behavioral responses in achievement situations
2013
Abstract Although students' affects and behaviors in achievement situations have been shown to be influenced by their previous learning experiences, less is known about how they relate to students' dispositional characteristics, such as temperament. This study examined to what extent children's temperament is related to their affective and behavioral responses in achievement situations. Teachers rated first-graders' ( n = 153) temperamental characteristics in the Fall semester. Children's active task avoidance, anxiety, and helplessness were rated in test situations in the Fall and Spring semesters. The results showed that the more easily distracted the children were, the more task avoidan…
Task-focused behaviour and mothers' causal attributions in relation to dyslexia : a follow-up from age 8 to age 20
2018
Children with dyslexia tend to find reading stressful. Coping responses, such as task-focused and avoidant behaviours, can help mitigate the stress. Task-focused behaviour is associated with reading development, with others’ at-tributions of success and failure linked to task-focused behaviour. The present study aims to examine whether differences in task-focused behaviour between those with dyslexia and those without dyslexia exist in childhood (age 8) and persist in adolescence (age 15) and early adulthood (age 20). The study also aimed to understand the relationship between mothers’ causal attributions of their 15-year-old adolescents’ school successes and fail-ures and task-focused beha…
Scaffolding through dialogic teaching in early school classrooms
2016
The present study examines what types of dialogic teaching patterns can be identified in the early school years, and how teachers scaffold children's participation and shared understanding through dialogic teaching. Thirty recorded lessons from preschool to Grade 2 in Finnish classrooms were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Two teacher-initiated and two child-initiated dialogic teaching patterns were identified. Teacher's scaffolding in teacher-initiated dialogues was characterised by high responsibility in maintaining the interactional flow and utilisation of diverse strategies. In the child-initiated dialogues, the teachers' scaffolding consisted of listening and inquiry, and …
Parental Trust in Teachers and Children’s Interest in Reading and Math: A Longitudinal Study
2021
This study investigated cross-lagged associations between parental trust in a child’s teacher and children’s academic interest across Grades 1–4 in primary school. Parents rated trust in their child’s teacher, and 576 children reported their interest in reading and math at each grade. The results showed that high parental trust in a child’s teacher predicted the child’s high interest in math. In addition, the child’s high interest in reading in Grade 2 was related to the father’s subsequent trust in the teacher. peerReviewed
Family- and classroom-related factors and mother–kindergarten teacher trust in Estonia and Finland
2014
This study examined the role of family-related (mother’s education, depressive symptoms and child’s gender) and kindergarten-related (teacher’s experience, teaching practices and class size) factors in mothers’ and teachers’ mutual trust in Estonia and Finland. Six hundred eighteen (206 Estonian and 412 Finnish) mothers of kindergarten children and their teachers (26 Estonian, 49 Finnish) were participated in the study. Both mothers and teachers filled in the questionnaire on trust; teachers’ teaching practices were observed with early childhood classroom observation measure. The results of multilevel modelling showed that mothers in both countries trusted more in teachers who used child-ce…
Associations Between Reading Skills, Interest in Reading, and Teaching Practices in First Grade
2017
ABSTRACTThis study examined associations between classroom-level reading fluency, comprehension, interest in reading, and teaching practices. Participants were 466 children from 21 classrooms. Reading fluency and interest were assessed at the beginning and end of Grade 1, reading comprehension at the end of Grade 1. Teaching practices were observed with the Early Childhood Classroom Observation Measure (ECCOM). Teachers were more likely to use teacher-directed methods in classrooms where children had poorer initial reading fluency. In classrooms with mostly child-centered methods, children showed better reading fluency, comprehension, and higher interest, whereas in classrooms with predomin…
Positions constructed for a female therapist in male batterers' treatment groups
2010
The aim of this study was to examine how male batterers regard to a female therapist in their group treatment. Of interest were the socially constructed positions for a female therapist. This study intends to examine what kind of positions the batterers construct for a female therapist in their speech and how the female therapist reacts to invitations to take up these positions. Attention was paid also to the male therapist’s positions in these situations. The topic was approached from a social constructionist and discourse analytic point of view and Grounded Theory was used as the method of analysing the data. The data consisted of five therapy groups for male batterers, each of which gath…