Search results for "behavioral"
showing 10 items of 3011 documents
Exploring the practical framework of a multicultural music therapy group for children with emotional and behavioral needs in an after-school setting
2016
Research shows that music therapy is effective in addressing therapeutic goals for groups of children with emotional and behavioral needs. However, most of the current research focuses on behavioral approaches to music therapy with children, and lacks in-depth explanations of practical frameworks surrounding the process (i.e., organizing, planning and implementing a group) for non-directive children’s music therapy groups focused on emotional and behavioral needs in the school setting. The following case study explores the practical framework surrounding a multicultural music therapy group for children with emotional and behavioral needs at an elementary school in Jyväskylä, Finland. The ma…
Influence of Musical Context on the Perception of Emotional Expression of Music
2013
Factors determining and influencing the perception of emotional expression of music include those related to music itself, to the listener, and to the context. Among the latter there is also music, as we rarely listen to a single piece. A simple experimental study has been carried out into the effect of music listened to immediately beforehand on the perception of the emotional expression of a musical piece. The following variables were involved: type of emotional expression of music conceived in terms of a most basic sad-joyful dimension, initial and final mood of the listeners, their professional musical education vs. lack thereof, age, and gender. The subjects were students of three age …
Hippocampal event-related potentials to pitch deviances in an auditory oddball situation in the cat: experiment I.
1995
Hippocampal event-related potentials (ERP) in the areas CA1, CA3, and dentate fascia (Df) were recorded in cats during an oddball situation when pitch deviant tones occurred in a series of standard tones. When difference waves were calculated by subtracting ERPs to the standard tones from those to the deviant tones, no clear N40d, corresponding to a cat analogue of the human mismatch negativity (MMN) observed in earlier studies, could be detected. Instead, a prominent later negativity (N130d) was observed. A possible extra-hippocampal source of the process reflected by the MMN-like negativity, and a relation between an orienting response (OR) and the N130d are discussed.
Music Therapy as an Effective Intervention in the Treatment of of Depression in a Patient With Korsakoff's Syndrome
2013
The main aim of this study is to demonstrate the efficacy of the Music Therapy intervention and the possibility of influencing positively on depressive symptoms of a patient with this Syndrome making significant improvements in the general condition and in particular on the “activation versus apathy". The Music Therapy approach is mainly based on a sonorous music relationship between the patient and music therapist. Active Music Therapy facilitates the expressive process, increasing communicative-relational abilities and modulation and regulation of emotions. This approach is based on intersubjective psychological theories and allows “affect attunement” moments. After 24 sessions of Music T…
The Effects of Nicotine on Music-Induced Emotion
2013
Nicotine is an available drug widely self-administered in the context of music (e.g. pubs, clubs). Furthermore, nicotine effects one’s physiology, which allowed us to test the effects of these physiological changes on the emotional experiences of music. We hypothesized that because nicotine changes one’s physiology it may also change one’s affective arousal in response to music. To test this, non-smokers were administered nicotine gum at either 2mg, 4mg, or placebo level. Participants then listened to 4 musical excerpts: happy, sad, neutral, and self-selected chill-inducing. After each listening, participants rated their emotional responses on 6 intensi-ty scales: arousal, pleasure, happy, …
Evaluating the Consonance and Pleasantness of Triads in Different Musical Context
2013
This study examines whether the consonance and pleasantness of triads (major, minor, augmented, and diminished) varies according to the musical context in which it is presented. The level of consonance and dissonance (C/D) of each chord when they were played alone without any musical contexts was judged. Following this, each chord was accommodated in a different position in a short cadence, and the level of C/D for each chord was judged. Additionally, the C/D and the pleasantness and unpleasantness (P/U) of the whole sequence were rated on a 7-point scale. The results show that, for major and minor triads, there was no significant difference in C/D levels between the ‘without musical contex…
The effects of synchronous music on patients undergoing magnetic resonance imaging
2016
Anxiety and claustrophobic reactions in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) lengthen the duration of examinations through increasing need of scan repetition, furthermore the need of anaesthesia makes the process costly. The sedative and alleviative effect of music is widely used in therapeutics, but in related research, music was only used with its original tempo as an intervention to reduce anxiety among MRI patients. 60 outpatients were examined in the Diagnostic Centre of Pécs to test whether the sedative effect of music can be improved by synchronizing it to the rhythm of the gradient pulsation, therefore reducing the effect of loud noises on the perception of music. The patients were assi…
Communicative skills in Spanish children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Analysis through p…
2018
Background Communicative skills are one of the main deficits experienced by children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The differential diagnosis is a complex issue that clinicians often face. For this reason, this study has two objectives: 1) to analyze the similarities and differences that children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and children with ASD present in their linguistic and communicative skills, through parentś perceptions and narrative production; 2) to identify the relative importance of the skills analyzed in discriminating children with ASD versus children with ADHD, as well as the classification power of each of the two measurement methods used. Metho…
Peripersonal Visuospatial Abilities in Williams Syndrome Analyzed by a Table Radial Arm Maze Task
2020
Williams syndrome (WS) is a genetic deletion syndrome characterized by severe visuospatial deficits affecting spatial exploration and navigation abilities in extra-personal space.To date, little is known about spatial elaboration and reaching abilities in the peripersonal space in individuals with WS. The present study is aimed at evaluating the visuospatial abilities in individuals with WS and comparing their performances with those of mental age-matched typically developing (TD) children by using a highly sensitive ecological version of the Radial Arm Maze (table RAM). We evaluated 15 individuals with WS and 15 TD children in two different table RAM paradigms: the free-choice paradigm, ma…
Mental fatigue induced by prolonged self-regulation does not exacerbate central fatigue during subsequent whole-body endurance exercise
2015
International audience; It has been shown that the mental fatigue induced by prolonged self-regulation increases perception of effort and reduces performance during subsequent endurance exercise. However, the physiological mechanisms underlying these negative effects of mental fatigue are unclear. The primary aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that mental fatigue exacerbates central fatigue induced by whole-body endurance exercise. Twelve subjects performed 30 min of either an incongruent Stroop task to induce a condition of mental fatigue or a congruent Stroop task (control condition) in a random and counterbalanced order. Both cognitive tasks (CTs) were followed by a whole-body …