Search results for "biodiversité"
showing 10 items of 110 documents
Variation in clutch size in relation to nest size in birds
2014
© 2014 The Authors. Nests are structures built to support and protect eggs and/or offspring from predators, parasites, and adverse weather conditions. Nests are mainly constructed prior to egg laying, meaning that parent birds must make decisions about nest site choice and nest building behavior before the start of egg-laying. Parent birds should be selected to choose nest sites and to build optimally sized nests, yet our current understanding of clutch size-nest size relationships is limited to small-scale studies performed over short time periods. Here, we quantified the relationship between clutch size and nest size, using an exhaustive database of 116 slope estimates based on 17,472 nes…
High variability of edge effects on forest vegetation diversity
2012
National audience; The influence of edges on vegetation diversity in forest fragments is an important issue for biodiversity conservation because of the large part of temperate woodlands concerned. In numerous empirical studies, a general pattern has been identified; it is described as two zones: the edge where plant distribution is linked to the distance from the forest border, the core area where the variability of vegetation is not linked to this distance. We present results of a study aiming at measuring the edge effects on vegetation in forest fragments in south-western France and at identifying potential factors of their variability. Vegetation was sampled in 28 transects constituted …
Susceptibility of Seven Termite Species (Isoptera) to the Entomopathogenic Fungus Metarhizium anisopliae
2009
International audience; Seven termite species (Isoptera) from five families were tested for disease susceptibility against the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae using a standard protocol: Mastotermes darwiniensis (Mastotermitidae), Hodotermopsis sjoestedti (termopsidae), Hodotermes mossambicus (Hodotermitidae), Kalotermes flavicollis (Kalotermitidae), Reticulitermes flavipes and Prorhinotermes canalifrons (Rhinotermitidae), and Nasutitermes voeltzkowi (termitidae). Our results showed a large diversity in disease susceptibility against M. anisopliae among the different species tested and we suggest that the evolution of disease resistance mechanisms in Isoptera may be influenced…
Fungal biodiversity in a new winery and population dynamics in the winery (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and in aging cellar (Brettanomyces bruxellensis)
2020
The interspecific fungal biodiversity (Illumina Mi-Seq) and the dynamics of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Brettanomyces bruxellensis species were studied in a new winery and/or in 3 aging cellars, more specifically on the floor, the walls, the equipment and the outside of the barrels. In the new winery, an initial fungal consortium (yeasts and molds) is already present on all the winery environments before the arrival of the first harvest. This consortium consists of fungal genera such as Aureobasidium, Alternaria, Didymella and Filobasidium. These genera, that persist during two vintages, are not specific to the winery environment and seem to be adapted to natural or anthropic environments …
EVASPA (EVapotranspiration Assessment from SPAce) tool: an overview
2013
International audience; Evapotranspiration (ET) is a fundamental variable of the hydrological cycle and its estimation is required for irrigation management, water resources planning and environmental studies. Remote sensing provides spatially distributed cost-effective information for ET maps production at regional scale. We have developed EVASPA too for mapping ET from remote sensing data at spatial and temporal scales relevant to hydrological or agronomica studies. EVASPA includes several algorithms for estimating evapotranspiration and various equations for estimating the required input information (net radiation, ground heat flux, evaporative fraction…), which provides a way to assess …
Développement durable : organisation spatiale des sociétés, climat, biodiversité, énergie, sécurité alimentaire
2011
Conseil Scientifique du Conseil Supérieur de la Formation et de la Recherche Stratégiques; National audience;
Développement durable : organisation spatiale des sociétés, climat, biodiversité, énergie, sécurité alimentaire » in Question de Futurs
2011
Rapport du Conseil Scientifique du Conseil Supérieur de la Formation et de la Recherche Stratégiques, Philippe Baumard (coord.), Edition du CNRS;
Prospective Agriculture et Biodiversité - Inra - Département Environnement Agronomie
2009
Rapport sur expertiseEA; CT3; absent
Deux espèces sous un même masque. Le point de vue paléontologique piégé par les coquilles de deux espèces européennes de Trivia (Mollusca, Gastropoda…
2006
16 pages; Lʼexpérience tentée dans ce travail a pour but dʼévaluer certaines conséquences des lacunes dʼinformation liées à la fossilisation sur la perception de lʼespèce en paléontologie. Cette expérience consiste à mener une étude de « type paléontologique » sur du matériel actuel puis à relire les résultats à la lumière des connaissances biologiques. Lʼobjet et le cadre de lʼétude ont donc été sélectionnés pour disposer dʼun matériel abondant et de bonne qualité dans un contexte spatio-temporel bien défini, et ainsi permettre de simuler ou non des lacunes dʼinformation. Trivia arctica et T. monacha, deux espèces proches de gastéropodes marins actuels vivant dans les eaux infra-littorales…
Exposition grand public : "Nature Incognito, la face cachée des villes", Jardin des Sciences, Dijon, France, 5 avril au 17 novembre 2019
2019
Une expo dédiée à la biodiversité en ville.Du 5 avril au 17 novembre 2019, le Jardin des Sciences de Dijon accueille l’exposition "Nature Incognito, la face cachée des villes". La séquence dédiée à la biodiversité des sols urbains a bénéficié de l’expertise scientifique de Pierre-Alain Maron (UMR Agroécologie).La ville y est évoquée en tant que milieu "naturel", avec ses caractéristiques propres, la diversité des espèces qui y vivent, les adaptations au milieu urbain, etc. à partir d'études précises sur la faune et la flore menées dans les agglomérations. Immeubles, trottoirs, parcs et jardins... Venez découvrir une vie grouillante constituée de millions d’espèces sauvages, animales ou végé…