Search results for "biodiversiteetti"

Ecology, environmental requirements and conservation of corticioid fungi occupying small diameter dead wood

2016

The increasing human impact upon the biosphere of earth is causing profound changes across all spatial scales. The ability to cope with human-induced disturbance varies among organisms; specialist species are more negatively affected than generalist species. Forests are among the most heavily affected ecosystems; especially the dead wood associated organisms are in peril. The earlier research has strongly focused on large diameter dead wood and associated species. The aim of this thesis was to investigate small diameter dead wood and collect systematic information about species richness and abundance as well as habitat and substrate preferences of associated corticioid fungi. Fungal data wa…

Long-term impacts of increased timber harvests on ecosystem services and biodiversity : A scenario study based on national forest inventory data

2020

The transition to a climate-neutral economy is expected to increase future timber demands and endanger the multifunctionality of forests. National scenario analyses are needed to determine long-term forest management impacts and support forest policy making in defining guidelines for the sustainable provision of forests’ ecosystem services and biodiversity (ESB). Using national forestry inventory data, the forest management model MASSIMO and a model to estimate harvesting costs, we simulated forest development in Switzerland under five politically relevant timber harvesting scenarios until 2106 (business as usual and four increased timber mobilisation scenarios). Model results were analysed…

Tale(s) of a forest – re-creation of a primeval forest in three environmental narratives

2020

We analyze three environmentally conscious works that are concerned with the state of Finnish forests: the documentary film Metsän tarina/Tale of a Forest (2012), the book with the same name (2013) and the series of short documentaries Tarinoita metsästä/Tales from the Forest (2013). By combining methods from arts research and ecology, we ask how the narratives adapt material from nature photography. The film and book present mythic stories and old Finnish beliefs about forests. They also contain references to cultural memory. Additionally, the biodiversity on display reflects a conventional practice to exhibit large or charismatic species. However, the ecological message remains only impli…

Ecosystem rescue : when protection is not enough

2015

Fifteen operationally important decisions in the planning of biodiversity offsets

2018

Many development projects, whether they are about construction of factories, mines, roads, railways, new suburbs, shopping malls, or even individual houses, have negative environmental consequences. Biodiversity offsetting is about compensating that damage, typically via habitat restoration, land management, or by establishment of new protected areas. Offsets are the fourth step of the so-called mitigation hierarchy, in which ecological damage is first avoided, minimized second, and third restored locally. Whatever residual damage remains is then offset. Offsetting has been increasingly adopted all around the world, but simultaneously serious concerns are expressed about the validity of the…

Suojeltujen soiden potentiaali luontohaittojen hyvittämisessä on hiipumassa?

2022

Ekologiset kompensaatiot ovat keino, jonka avulla voidaan estää kokonaisheikennyksen syntymistä luonnolle. Kompensaation tarve luonnon monimuotoisuuden köyhtymisen pysäyttämiseksi on tunnistettu kansainvälisesti ja sittemmin myös Suomessa luonnon-suojelulain toimivuusarvioinnissa (kts. hallituksen esityksen luonnos, Valtioneuvosto 2021). Alue ja Ympäristö -lehdessä julkaistu tutkimuksemme ”Ekologisten haittojen hyvittäminen suojelualueita ennallistamalla” (Mustajärvi ym. 2019) tarkasteli jo aiemmin suojeltujen, mutta ihmistoiminnan heikentämien alueiden soveltumista kompensaatiossa tarvittavien luontohyötyjen tuottamiseen. Sen keskeisenä tavoitteena oli selvittää, voidaanko jo aiemmin suoje…

Ekologisen kompensaation määrittämisen tärkeät operatiiviset päätökset

2017

Relationships of temperature and biodiversity with stability of natural aquatic food webs

2023

Temperature and biodiversity changes occur in concert, but their joint effects on ecological stability of natural food webs are unknown. Here, we assess these relationships in 19 planktonic food webs. We estimate stability as structural stability (using the volume contraction rate) and temporal stability (using the temporal variation of species abundances). Warmer temperatures were associated with lower structural and temporal stability, while biodiversity had no consistent effects on either stability property. While species richness was associated with lower structural stability and higher temporal stability, Simpson diversity was associated with higher temporal stability. The responses of…

Vertailutilalla on väliä

2017

Biotic homogenization of forest bird communities under human influence

2018

Human actions impact biodiversity worldwide. Specialist species are particularly sensitive to environmental degradation whereas generalists may even benefit from habitat changes. As a consequence, specialists are declining while generalists are increasing and, therefore, communities become more similar. This phenomenon is known as biotic homogenization. In boreal forests logging and forest management is the most important factor changing the native habitat. In this thesis I studied if human actions are homogenizing boreal forest bird communities. I further studied if protected areas can maintain their diversity and, thus, prevent homogenization. Through the individual studies, biodiversity …