Search results for "bioethics"

Newborn infants and the moral significance of intellectual disabilities.

2001

This article presents moral philosophical arguments regarding life-saving medical treatment that may be more available to infants without disabilities than to infants with intellectual disabilities. The ideas are that children with disabilities are a burden to their families and to society and that a happy life may not be attainable for these children and their families. I argue that human well-being is not based merely on individual characteristics, but is a result of the individual's relation to other people. Further, children with disabilities are not inevitably a burden to their families or society. Accordingly, intellectual disability is not a sufficient reason for withholding life-sa…

Ethics Literacy and "Ethics University": Two Intertwined Models for Public Involvement and Empowerment in Bioethics.

2016

Background Informing lay citizens about complex health-related issues and their related ethical, legal, and social aspects (ELSA) is one important component of democratic health care/research governance. Public information activities may be especially valuable when they are used in multi-staged processes that also include elements of information and deliberation. Objectives This paper presents a new model for a public involvement activity on ELSA (Ethics University) and evaluation data for a pilot event. Methods The Ethics University is structurally based on the “patient university,” an already established institution in some German medical schools, and the newly developed concept of “ethic…

Juridiskās zinātnes, Nr.13

2020

Surrogacy relationships: a critical interpretative review

2020

Abstract Based on a critical interpretative review of existing qualitative research investigating accounts of ‘lived experience’ of surrogates and intended parents from a relational perspective, this article proposes a typology of surrogacy arrangements. The review is based on the analysis of 39 articles, which belong to a range of different disciplines (mostly sociology, social psychology, anthropology, ethnology, and gender studies). The number of interviews in each study range from as few as seven to over one hundred. Countries covered include Australia, Canada, Greece, India, Iran, Israel, Italy, Mexico, Norway, Russia, Sweden, UK, Ukraine, and the USA. Most studies focus only on surrog…

Continuidad de las innovaciones tecnológicas: el reto de las intervenciones biomédicas de mejora humana

2013

One of the most recent debates among ethicists concerning the course of technological innovation is the human enhancement debate, which has been generated by the possibility of pushing human limits further by using the power of science. Many philosophers have warned us about the dangers of modifying human nature in a technical way. However, others argue that there are no morally salient differences between enhancing technical interventions and other kinds of technologies that human beings have taken to be usual for them. This paper shall critically analyze this argument. The main aim of this critical analysis is twofold, first, to show that people who make this argument are biased in severa…

Bioetyka konfucjańska. Zagadnienie świadomej zgody w kontekście tradycyjnego chińskiego światopoglądu

2017

Tekst dotyczy bioetyki w Chinach, w szczególności bioetyki konfucjańskiej, i ukazuje funkcjonowanie medycyny oraz problemów bioetycznych w szerszym kontekście kulturowym. Tradycyjny chiński światopogląd i obyczajowość wpływają na konceptualizację i realizację poszczególnych kwestii bioetycznych. W tekście ukazany zostaje problem świadomej zgody i różnic kulturowych w jej pojmowaniu i egzekwowaniu. Ze względu na zupełnie odmienne postrzeganie relacji między jednostką a grupą w Chinach w porównaniu z kulturami indywidualistycznymi (Europa Zachodnia, Ameryka Północna, Australia) bioetycy chińscy przewartościowali pojęcie świadomej zgody, wprowadzając konkurencyjną koncepcję community-assisted …