Search results for "bodies"

Medical significance of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors.

1999

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) were discovered in 1990, ending 25 years of uncertainty about the molecular mechanisms of peroxisome proliferation. Subsequently, PPARs have improved our understanding of adipocyte differentiation. But there is more to PPARs than solving a puzzle about an organelle (the peroxisome) long considered an oddity, and their medical significance goes beyond obesity too. Enhanced PPAR type alpha expression protects against cardiovascular disorders though the role of enhanced PPARgamma expression seems less favourable. PPAR mechanisms, mainly via induction of more differentiated cell phenotypes, protect against some cancers. The differentiation of m…

Expression of inhibitory glycine receptors in postnatal rat cerebral cortex.

1993

The developmental expression of inhibitory glycine receptors was analyzed in postnatal rat cerebral cortex using the specific monoclonal antibody, MAb 4a. This antibody defines an epitope common to all known glycine receptor alpha-subunits. At birth, high levels of immunoreactivity were found, which transiently increased during the second postnatal week, but subsequently declined to low adult levels. Biochemical analysis of the MAb 4a antigen from parietal areas indicates that cortical glycine receptors correspond to the neonatal receptor isoform previously identified in spinal cord of newborn animals. Immunocytochemistry showed that, within 2 weeks after birth, MAb 4a-reactive glycine rece…

Autoimmune hepatitis and overlap syndromes

2002

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an immune-mediated, autodestructive liver disease with hepatocytes as target cells, mostly affecting young women. Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is also regarded as an autoimmune liver disease with bile duct epithelia as the target cells, resulting in a continuous loss of bile ducts. Both diseases may occur simultaneously in their full manifestations in about 10% to 20% of cases, thus constituting an overlap syndrome with PBC directing the course of the disease. AIH may also occur simultaneously with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), with a frequency of between 2% and 8% of patients with PSC. In most cases, AIH precedes manifestation of PSC. In children, t…

Hepatitis E seroprevalence and viremia rate in immunocompromised patients: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

2020

Background and aims Hepatitis E is an infectious disease of the liver caused by the hepatitis E virus (HEV). Immunocompromised patients present a particular risk group, as chronification of hepatitis E leading to life-threatening cirrhosis occurs when these patients are infected. Therefore, this study aims to estimate and compare the anti-HEV seroprevalence and the rate of HEV RNA positivity in transplant recipients and patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Methods This systematic review and meta-analysis involved a literature search (PubMed, Scopus; 1,138 studies) including 120 studies from 1996 to 2019, reporting anti-HEV seroprevalence and/or HEV-RNA positivity. Statistical a…

ADAMTS13 and VWF activities guide individualized caplacizumab treatment in patients with aTTP

2020

Abstract Introduction of the nanobody caplacizumab was shown to be effective in the treatment of acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (aTTP) in the acute setting. The official recommendations include plasma exchange (PEX), immunosuppression, and the use of caplacizumab for a minimum of 30 days after stopping daily PEX. This study was a retrospective, observational analysis of the use of caplacizumab in 60 patients from 29 medical centers in Germany. Immunosuppressive treatment led to a rapid normalization of ADAMTS13 activities (calculated median, 21 days). In 35 of 60 patients, ADAMTS13 activities started to normalize before day 30 after PEX; in 11 of 60 patients, the treatment was…

Response to "The combination therapy with cytapheresis plus vedolizumab in a corticosteroid-dependent patient with ulcerative colitis and previous An…

2018

Cytomegalovirus Pneumonia: A Possible Cause of Death in Patients With Crohn's Disease

2013

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The FDA Approves Aducanumab for Alzheimer's Disease, Raising Important Scientific Questions1.

2021

Diagnosis, monitoring and management of immune-related adverse drug reactions of anti-PD-1 antibody therapy.

2015

PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors are associated with a specific spectrum of immune-related adverse events. This spectrum is different from toxicities known for kinase inhibitors or cytotoxic drugs. Since PD-1 directed therapies show effectivity in an increasing number of malignant diseases, their clinical usage will increase rapidly. Therefore clinicians from different specialities such as medical oncology, internal medicine, family doctors and emergency unit staff should be aware of the adverse effects of PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors to avoid delays in diagnosis and treatment. Based on pooled data from pivotal trials as reported by the European Medicines Agency, the present paper reviews incidence…

Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase 5b: A Novel Serum Marker of Bone Resorption

2000

Human serum contains two forms of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), 5a and 5b. Of these, 5a contains sialic acid and 5b does not. We show here that antigenic properties and pH optimum of TRAP purified from human osteoclasts are identical to those of serum TRAP 5b and completely different from those of serum TRAP 5a, suggesting that 5b would be derived from osteoclasts and 5a from some other source. We developed a novel immunoassay specific for 5b using a monoclonal antibody O1A as capture antibody. O1A did not bind acid phosphatase derived from platelets and erythrocytes. Western analysis showed that O1A was specific for TRAP in both human bone and serum. We measured bound TRAP ac…