Search results for "botany"
showing 10 items of 4586 documents
Long-term effects of no tillage treatment on soil N availability, N uptake, and 15N-fertilizer recovery of durum wheat differ in relation to crop seq…
2016
Abstract No tillage (NT) soil management has largely been promoted because of its potential to generate both economic and environmental benefits. However, it often leads to reductions in crop yield and quality, which in many cases have been attributed to the effects this technique has on the nitrogen (N) dynamics in the soil–plant system. This 2-year study, performed within a long-term experiment in which NT was continuously applied for over 15 years, aimed to verify whether and to what extent the use of NT affects soil N availability, recovery of 15 N-labeled fertilizer, and N use efficiency (NUE) and its components (N uptake efficiency, NUpE; N utilization efficiency, NUtE). Durum wheat w…
Plant Growth Along the Altitudinal Gradient — Role of Plant Nutritional Status, Fine Root Activity, and Soil Properties
2008
In tropical montane forests, aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP ) usually decreases with increasing altitude. Besides low photosynthesis (Kitayama and Aiba 2002) and direct impact of low temperatures on plant growth (Hoch and Korner 2003), low ANPP at high altitudes has often been attributed to nutrient limitation (Bruijnzeel et al. 1993; Bruijnzeel and Veneklaas 1998; Tanner et al. 1998). Plant growth is often correlated with nutrient availability in tropical montane forests. For example, the exceptionally high tree stature in a montane forest stand in Papua New Guinea was attributed to its nutrient rich soil parent material (Edwards and Grubb 1977). In montane forests of Jamaica (…
Colonization of Plant Roots by Pseudomonads and AM Fungi: A Dynamic Phenomenon, Affecting Plant Growth and Health
2008
Because of their enormously large range of plant hosts and role in plant nutrition, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi represent an extraordinarily fascinating field of study. Plant growth promotion effects by AM fungi were described as early as 1900 (Sthal 1900) and several data obtained in the second half of the last century support the idea that these microrganisms can act as biocontrol agents (BCA). The extent of root colonization is variable in different plants and under different environmental conditions (Giovannetti and Hepper 1985). Some effects of AM colonization on plants have been reported to be dependent on the degree of root colonization, while others have not. Root exudation an…
Plant defense responses induced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
2002
Plants in their environment daily face many organisms such as fungi, bacteria, mycoplasms, viruses, nematodes, etc. Many of them are potential pathogens; in fact thousands of microorganisms are known to cause plant diseases. Despite this large number of deleterious microorganisms, most of the plants are resistant to their attack since they have developed effective mechanisms to protect themselves.
Tomato and flavour
2008
Part 1: Characterization and Composition of Tomato Plant and Fruit, chapter 5; International audience
Effects of species and soil-nitrogen availability on root system architecture traits - study on a set of weed and crop species
2017
Better managing crop : weed competition in cropping systems while reducing both nitrogen and herbicide inputs is a real challenge that requires a better understanding of crop and weed root architecture in relation to soil-nitrogen availability. An original approach was used which considered the parameters of a simulation model of root architecture as traits to analyse (a) the interspecific diversity of root system architecture, and (b) its response to soil-nitrogen availability. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted using three crop and nine weed species grown at two contrasted concentrations of soil-nitrogen availability. Plant traits were measured to characterise both overall plant gr…
Blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.) seed dispersal from a single plant and its consequences on weed infestation
2001
Blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.) seed dispersal from single mother-plants was studied in two experiments. For the first experiment, eight blackgrass plants of different heights and number of ears were produced in a greenhouse with the help of different in sowing densities and nitrogen nutrition levels. At the beginning of seed shedding, the plants were placed outside, and seeds were gathered daily. Daily seed dispersal was analysed by fitting a Weibull equation to the number of seeds as a function of distance to the mother-plant. The second experiment was carried out in a field comprising winter barley and spring barley plots as well as bare soil. In each of these three parts, two …
Variable impacts of enchytraeid worms and ectomycorrhizal fungi on plant growth in raw humus soil treated with wood ash
2007
Abstract An increasing amount of evidence shows the context dependent nature of various biotic interactions across terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. We established a laboratory experiment to study whether the effects of Cognettia sphagnetorum (Enchytraeidae) and ectomycorrhizal fungi on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) seedling growth are influenced by wood ash application. Acidic coniferous forest soil was treated with wood ash at 5000 kg ha−1 or left as ash-free control and inoculated with soil saprotrophic microbes and nematodes. The microcosms were destructively sampled 26 and 51 weeks after initiation of the experiment. We measured enchytraeid and pine seedling biomass, abundance of nem…
New national and regional bryophyte records, 66
2021
a The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK; b Department of Plant and Animal Production, Munzur University, Vocational School of Tunceli, Tunceli, Turkey; c International School of Advanced Studies, University of Camerino, Camerino (MC), Italy; d Grupo de Investigación Biología para la Conservación, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Colombia; e Botanical Survey of India, Central National Herbarium, Howrah, India; f Botanical Garden-Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Vladivostok, Russia; g Viale Rovereto, Trento, Italy; h Department of Botany, Kherson State University, Kherson, Ukraine; i Kherson Branch of Admiral Makarov University, Kherson, Ukraine…
Cover crop differentially affects arthropods, but not diseases, occurring on grape leaves in vineyards
2017
Background and Aims Cover crop has become a common management practice in viticulture. It improves the structure and protects the soil, enhances natural enemy populations and also reduces the vigour of the vine. Here, we investigated the effect of cover crop in vineyards on grapevine diseases and arthropods present on leaves. Methods and Results We measured the presence of the pathogens Plasmopara viticola, Uncinula necator and Guignardia bidwellii and monitored six common beneficial/pest arthropods: Panonychus ulmi, Orthotydeus lambi, Typhlodromus pyri, Scaphoideus titanus and Phalangium opilio in vineyards with cover crop or bare soil in 2014 and 2015. The density of the two pests P. ulmi…