Search results for "bowel"

Indicaxanthin inhibits NADPH oxidase (NOX)-1 activation and NF-κB-dependent release of inflammatory mediators and prevents the increase of epithelial…

2014

Dietary redox-active/antioxidant phytochemicals may help control or mitigate the inflammatory response in chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In the present study, the anti-inflammatory activity of indicaxanthin (Ind), a pigment from the edible fruit of cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica, L.), was shown in an IBD model consisting of a human intestinal epithelial cell line (Caco-2 cells) stimulated by IL-1β, a cytokine known to play a major role in the initiation and amplification of inflammatory activity in IBD. The exposure of Caco-2 cells to IL-1β brought about the activation of NADPH oxidase (NOX-1) and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to activate intracellular signal…

Giant hepatic hydatid cyst as a cause of small bowel obstruction.

2006

Today, giant hydatid cysts are fairly rare even in endemic areas. We describe a case of an extremely large hydatid cyst of the liver that was causing massive compression of the neighboring organs, giving rise to a subocclusive syndrome of the intestine. After considering the various approaches available for the treatment of this disease, it was decided that radical surgery was still the best therapeutic choice, especially when extremely large cysts are involved. In particular, in clinical situations where it is difficult to perform radical surgical procedures, less aggressive surgery followed by drug treatment should be the treatment of choice.

Accuracy of magnetic resonance enterography in the preoperative assessment of patients with Crohn's disease of the small bowel

2016

Aim to assess the accuracy of magnetic resonance-enterography in predicting the extension, location and characteristics of the small bowel segments affected by Crohn's disease. Method This is a prospective study including a consecutive series of 38 patients with small bowel Crohn's disease who underwent surgery at a specialized colorectal unit of a tertiary hospital. Preoperative magnetic resonance enterography was performed in all patients, following a homogeneous protocol, within the three months prior to surgery. A thorough exploration of the small bowel was performed during the surgical procedure, using calibration spheres, according to the discretion of the surgeon. The accuracy of mag…

IL-12 family members in experimental colitis

2008

Interleukin (IL)-12 p35/p40 is a heterodimeric cytokine that plays an important role in T helper (Th) cell polarization and Th1 T-cell differentiation. Recent findings have shown that both p35 and p40 can form other cytokines with different proteins (IL-23: p19/p40; IL-35: p35/EBI3). Furthermore, the cytokine IL-27 (EBI3/p28) has been identified as a member of the IL-12 family. Here, we discuss the recent findings on the role of IL-12 family members in experimental colitis. In particular, the role of IL-23 as a master regulator of effector T-cell activation is highlighted. These findings have important implications for the design of new therapeutic approaches in chronic intestinal inflammat…

The role of signal transducers and activators of transcription in T inflammatory bowel diseases.

2003

Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) proteins are intracellular effector molecules of cytokine-modulated signaling. On the one hand, they play an important role in hematopoiesis and the development of the human immune system. STAT transcription factors are necessary for embryogenesis and the maintenance of the mammalian immune response. In the adult, STAT signaling is responsible for T-cell polarization toward interferon gamma-secreting Th1 T cells or interleukin 4-producing Th2 cells. On the other hand, these proteins are involved in the regulation of T-cell survival. STAT activation is strongly associated with tyrosine phosphorylation by tyrosine kinases, namely Jak1,…

7-ketocholesterol and 7β-hydroxycholesterol: in vitro and animal models used to characterize their activities and to identify molecules preventing th…

2020

International audience; Oxysterols are molecules derived by the oxidation of cholesterol and can be formed either by auto-oxidation, enzymatically or by both processes. Among the oxysterols formed by auto-oxidation, 7-ketocholesterol and 7beta-hydroxycholesterol are the main forms generated. These oxysterols, formed endogenously and brought in large quantities by certain foods, have major cytotoxic properties. They are powerful inducers of oxidative stress, inducing dysfunction of organelles (mitochondria, lysosomes and peroxisomes) that can cause cell death. These molecules are often identified in increased amounts in common pathological states such as cardiovascular diseases, certain eye …

Food hypersensitivity in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: the diagnostic role of fecal assays.

2011

BONE LOSS I INFLAMMATORI BOWEL DISEASE: OUR MULTICENTRIC STUDY

2011

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease are at increased risk of developing disorder in bone and mineral metabolism. The study was aimed to determine if inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a risk factor for osteoporosis in 103 adult patients. We included 103 IBD patients, 67 patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and 36 with ulcerative colitisi (UC). Bone mineral density was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. we used T score to express bone loss (osteopenia: -25SD 2 years) and active disease would be risk of bone mineral loss in IBD.

GABA and GABA receptors in the gastrointestinal tract: from motility to inflammation

2015

Although an extensive body of literature confirmed γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) as mediator within the enteric nervous system (ENS) controlling gastrointestinal (GI) function, the true significance of GABAergic signalling in the gut is still a matter of debate. GABAergic cells in the bowel include neuronal and endocrine-like cells, suggesting GABA as modulator of both motor and secretory GI activity. GABA effects in the GI tract depend on the activation of ionotropic GABAA and GABAC receptors and metabotropic GABAB receptors, resulting in a potential noteworthy regulation of both the excitatory and inhibitory signalling in the ENS. However, the preservation of GABAergic signalling in the gut …

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) leading to pseudotumour's autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP): A case report

2012

International audience; Introduction: Autoimmune pancreatitis is an idiopathic inflammatory disease that produces pancreatic masses and ductal strictures. This benign disease can be associated with extrapancreatic manifestations including cholangitis, sialadenitis, inflammatory bowel disease or retroperitoneal fibrosis, mediastinal adenopathy, interstitial nephritis mainly due to immunoglobulin G4 (Ig G4), and occasional association with other auto-immune diseases. Observation: We report a 57-year-old woman who developed thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (UP) and pseudo-tumour's seronegative autoimmune pancreatitis (ATP) type 1. The patient was initially treated with pulse corticosteroids…