Search results for "bowel"
showing 10 items of 637 documents
In vivo imaging of colitis and colon cancer development in mice using high resolution chromoendoscopy
2005
Background: Mouse models of colitis and cancer are indispensable for our understanding of the pathogenesis of these diseases. In the past, mice had to be sacrificed in order to analyse colitis activity and tumour development. We have developed a safe method for high resolution endoscopic monitoring of living mice. Methods: Mice developing colitis or colonic tumours were anaesthetised using avertine and repeatedly examined by endoscopy. A novel miniendoscope (1.9 mm outer diameter), denoted Coloview, was introduced via the anus and the colon was carefully insufflated with an air pump before analysis of the colonic mucosa. An extra working channel allowed the introduction of biopsy forceps or…
Beurteilung der entzündlichen Aktivität des M. Crohn mit der Hydro-MRT∗
2000
PURPOSE: To assess the value of hydro-MRI in the assessment of the activity of Crohn's disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After an oral bowel opacification using 1000 ml of a 2.5% mannitol solution, axial and coronal breath-hold sequences (T2W HASTE +/- FS, contrast-enhanced T1W FLASH FS) were acquired in 63 patients with Crohn's disease at 1.0 T. The enhancement of the bowel wall was correlated with other MRI findings, with the Crohn's disease activity index (CDAI), and the C-reactive protein (CRP). RESULTS: In Crohn's disease, contrast enhancement of the affected bowel wall is markedly increased in comparison with the normal bowel wall (+80 +/- 23% vs. +43 +/- 11%; p = 8 x 10(-11)). Positive…
Genetic Deletion of JNK1 and JNK2 Aggravates the DSS-Induced Colitis in Mice
2007
The c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) are considered as novel targets for therapy of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). However, the relevant JNK isoforms have to be elucidated. Here, we analyze the individual contribution of the JNK1 and JNK2 isoforms in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) model of experimental colitis. JNK1 and JNK2 knockout mice (JNK1 ko, JNK2 ko) and their wild-type controls (WT1, WT2) received three cycles of DSS treatment, each consisting of 1.7% DSS for 5 days, followed by 5 days with water. Animals were daily evaluated by a disease activity index (DAI) comprising measurement of body weight, estimation of stool consistency, and test for occult blood/gross rectal bleeding. A…
Nonceliac gluten sensitivity.
2014
During the past decade there has been an impressive increase in popularity of the gluten-free diet (GFD)—now the most trendy alimentary habit in the United States and other countries. According to recent surveys, as many as 100 million Americans will consume gluten-free products within a year. Operating under the concept that the GFD benefits only individuals with celiac disease, health care professionals have struggled to separate the wheat from the chaff; there are claims that eliminating gluten from the diet increases health and helps with weight loss, or even that gluten can be harmful to every human being. However, apart from unfounded trends, a disorder related to ingestion of gluten …
Flare in axial spondyloarthritis. The dark side of the outcome
2016
Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease with many phenotypes,1 but the frame of the disease is still a matter of debate, particularly regarding the non-radiographic forms of axial SpA.2 ,3 The disease evolution may have several profiles, mainly related to the treatment strategy, balancing from periods of remission or low disease activity to flares of the disease. The recommended treatment strategies are supposed to be tailored to the disease activity, aiming to reach remission or low disease activity in a T2T strategy,4 with management of remission (reduction of dosage or increase in interval of administration), as well as treatment intensification in case of fla…
PReS-FINAL-2088: Risk of severe adverse events in juvenile idiopathic arthritis and pediatric-onset inflammatory bowel disease, treated with anti-tnf…
2013
Introduction: Severe adverse events have been described in children affected by Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) treated with anti-tnf drugs. Objectives: To define the risk of severe adverse events in patients with JIA and IBD treated with anti-tnf drugs. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study. All patients with JIA and IBD attending the "IRCCS Burlo Garofolo" of Trieste from 2000 to 2012 were enrolled. They were divided into 2 groups on the basis of the presence or absence of anti-tnf exposure. Severe adverse events were considered the followings: a) infections needing anti-tnf permanent suspension and/or hospitalization; b) autoimmune disease…
Liver Function Test Abnormalities in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Hospital-based Survey
2014
Background and Aims Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are frequently associated with altered liver function tests (LFTs). The causal relationship between abnormal LFTs and IBD is unclear. The aim of our study was to evaluate the prevalence and etiology of LFTs abnormalities and their association with clinical variables in a cohort of IBD patients followed up in a single center. Materials and Methods A retrospective review was undertaken of all consecutive IBD in- and outpatients routinely followed up at a single referral center. Clinical and demographic parameters were recorded. Subjects were excluded if they had a previous diagnosis of chronic liver disease. LFT abnormality was defined as …
Comparing medical treatments for Crohn’s disease
2013
The drugs available for inflammatory bowel disease are aminosalicylates, antibiotics, steroids, immunosuppressors and biologics. The effectiveness of these drugs has been evaluated in many randomized clinical trials, mainly versus placebo. Few studies have been conducted comparing the different drugs among themselves, owing to the methodological problems raised by comparative trials, such as sample size and blindness. This review focuses mainly on the randomized clinical trials that have compared different treatments. Of course comparisons are mainly between drugs used in a particular setting (mild, moderate and severe disease). However, on many occasions there is no homogeneity in these cl…
Eine vergleichende Untersuchung zum Reizdarmsyndrom bei konsekutiven Patienten zweier internistischer Ambulanzen
2001
OBJECTIVES We investigated the nature of illness behavior and the meaning of emotional deficiencies during childhood in patients with irritable bowel diseases (IBS). DATA A consecutive study in two tertiary referral centers was conducted with 48 patients suffering from irritable bowel diseases (IBS) and 91 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS The diagnosis of IBS was made by following the Manning criteria, a positive diagnosis of IBD was established through physical, endoscopic and radiologic examinations and was confirmed histologically. Psychological data were obtained by structured psychiatric interviews and psychological self-report measures (GBB). RESULTS We found th…
Anxiety, depression, chronic inflammation and aortic stiffness in Crohn's disease: the brain--gut--vascular axis.
2020
Background Patients with Crohn's disease have an increased aortic stiffness, a known cardiovascular risk factor. Anxiety, a key factor of the brain--gut axis in patients with Crohn's disease, is implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of the disease, and is linked with aortic stiffening in other clinical settings. Objectives Considering that depression is frequently linked to anxiety in Crohn's disease, we performed a mediation analysis to reveal the potential link between anxiety, depression and aortic stiffness in these patients. Methods Multicentre observational cross-sectional study of 86 consecutive patients with Crohn's disease and 86 matched control individuals. The connection…