Search results for "bowel"

Blockade of Pannexin-1 Channels and Purinergic P2X7 Receptors Shows Protective Effects Against Cytokines-Induced Colitis of Human Colonic Mucosa

2018

Introduction: The pannexin-1 (Panx1) channels are found in many cell types, and ATP released from these channels can act on nearby cells activating purinergic P2X7 receptors (P2X7R) which lead to inflammation. Although Panx1 and P2X7R are implicated in the process of inflammation and cell death, few studies have looked at the role they play in inflammatory bowel disease in human. Hence, the aim of the present study was to investigate the function of Panx1 and P2X7R in an ex vivo colitis model developed from human colonic mucosal explants.Materials and Methods: Healthy human colonic mucosal strips (4 × 10 mm) were incubated in carbogenated culture medium at 37°C for 16 h. Proinflammatory cyt…

Designer Thiopurine-analogues for Optimised Immunosuppression in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.

2015

Background and Aims: The clinical use of azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine is limited by their delayed onset of action and potential side effects such as myelosuppression and hepatotoxicity. As these drugs specifically target the Vav1/Rac1 signalling pathway in T lamina propria lymphocytes via their metabolite 6-thio-GTP, we studied expression and optimised suppression of this pathway in inflammatory bowel diseases [IBD]. Methods: Rac1 and Vav1 expressions were analysed in mucosal immune cells in IBD patients. Targeted molecular modelling of the 6-thio-GTP molecule was performed to optimise Rac1 blockade; 44 modified designer thiopurine-analogues were tested for apoptosis induction, potenti…

The Course of COVID-19 in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Protective Role of TNF Antagonists

2021

Acceptance of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Among a Cohort of IBD Patients From Southern Italy: A Cross-Sectional Survey

2021

P463 COVID-19 vaccination willingness and hesitancy in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD): analysis of determinants in a national survey…

2021

Abstract Background Vaccine hesitancy, the delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccination despite its availability, represents a threat to the diffusion and lethality of infectious diseases. COVID-19 vaccination has been recommended by national and international organizations in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD). The aim of the study was to evaluate COVID-19 vaccine willingness and hesitancy in a population of Italian patients with IBD, and their determinants. Methods In February 2021 an online questionnaire focused on COVID-19 vaccine was proposed to a representative sample of Italian IBD patients. Socio-demographic characteristics, IBD features, lifestyle, perception of COVID…

Intestinal tuberculosis in a child living in a country with a low incidence of tuberculosis : a case report

2014

Background: Relatively common in adults, intestinal tuberculosis is considered rare in children and adolescents. The protean manifestations of intestinal tuberculosis mean that the diagnosis is often delayed (sometimes even for years), thus leading to increased mortality and unnecessary surgery. The main diagnostic dilemma is to differentiate intestinal tuberculosis and Crohn’s disease because a misdiagnosis can have dramatic consequences. Case presentation: A 13-year-old Caucasian, Italian female adolescent attended the Emergency Department complaining of abdominal pain, a fever of up to 38°C, night sweats, diarrhea with blood in stool, and a weight loss of about three kilograms over the p…

Small bowel obstruction after laparoscopic gastrectomy: An atypical clinical presentation. Report of a case

2020

Abstract Introduction Postoperative adhesions represent the most common cause of acute small bowel obstruction (80%) and are usually a consequence of abdomino-pelvic surgery performed with open technique. Presentation of case A 45-year-old black man arrived at the emergency room with abdominal pain and distension three months after laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y anastomosis performed for benign pyloric stenosis. CT abdominal scan revealed some air-fluid levels in the center of the abdomen with distension of proximal jejunal loops caused by intestinal adhesions. Laparoscopic adhesiolysis was performed to restore the intestinal transit. Discussion The formation of adhesions is…

Clinical response to linaclotide at week 4 predicts sustained response in irritable bowel syndrome with constipation and improvements in digestive an…

2019

Background:Linaclotide is approved for the treatment of moderate-to-severe irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) with constipation (IBS-C) in adults. This study aimed to assess factors predictive of a clinical response and improvements in non-IBS symptoms with linaclotide treatment in a Spanish patient population.Methods:In this open-label phase IIIb study, patients with moderate-to-severe IBS-C received linaclotide 290 μg once daily for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was clinical response at week 12, defined as >30% reduction in IBS symptom severity score (IBS-SSS) or IBS-SSS <75 plus self-reported response of feeling ‘better’ or ‘much better’ versus the baseline. Digestive nonintestinal an…

NEW THERAPEUTIC PERSPECTIVES IN IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME: TARGETING LOW-GRADE INFLAMMATION, IMMUNO-NEUROENDOCRINE AXIS, MOTILITY, SDECRETION AND BEYO…

2017

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic, recurring, and remitting functional disorder of the gastrointestinal tract characterized by abdominal pain, distention, and changes in bowel habits. Although there are several drugs for IBS, effective and approved treatments for one or more of the symptoms for various IBS subtypes are needed. Improved understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms such as the role of impaired bile acid metabolism, neurohormonal regulation, immune, dysfunction, the epithelial barrier and the secretory properties of the gut has led to advancements in the treatment of IBS. With regards to therapies for restoring intestinal permeability, multiple studies with prebiot…

Chromoendoscopy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2012

Chromoendoscopy with methylene blue or indigo carmine significantly increases the diagnostic yield of finding intraepithelial neoplasia in patients with longstanding colitis. The number needed to treat is 14 for panchromoendoscopy to identify 1 additional patient with dysplasia. Chromoendoscopy can greatly facilitate the identification of flat lesions harboring intraepithelial neoplasia. Chromoendoscopy can guide biopsies and clearly reduces the amount of biopsies that are needed per patient. Magnifying endoscopy or CLE are additional techniques, which can be used in conjunction with chromoendoscopy to further reduce the amount of biopsies and to further increase the diagnostic yield. Chrom…