Search results for "brain injuries"
showing 10 items of 139 documents
Effect of frontal lobe lesions on the recollection and familiarity components of recognition memory
2008
Single-process theories assume that familiarity is the sole influence on recognition memory with decisions being made as a continuous process. Dual-process theories claim that recognition involves both recollection and familiarity processes with recollection as a threshold process. Although, the frontal lobes of the brain play an important role in recognition memory, few studies have examined the effect of frontal lobe lesions on recollection and familiarity. In the current study, the nonverbal recognition memory of 24 patients with focal frontal lesions due to turnout or stroke was examined. Recollection and familiarity were estimated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) metho…
Limitations of the trail making test part-B in assessing frontal executive dysfunction.
2015
AbstractPart B of the Trail Making Test (TMT-B) is one of the most widely used neuropsychological tests of “executive” function. A commonly held assumption is that the TMT-B can be used to detect frontal executive dysfunction. However, so far, research evidence has been limited and somewhat inconclusive. In this retrospective study, performance on the TMT-B of 55 patients with known focal frontal lesions, 27 patients with focal non-frontal lesions and 70 healthy controls was compared. Completion time and the number of errors made were examined. Patients with frontal and non-frontal lesions performed significantly worse than healthy controls for both completion time and the number of errors.…
Executive function and metacognitive self-awareness after severe traumatic brain injury.
2008
The objective of this study is to identify the clinical, neuropsychological, neuropsychiatric, and functional variables that correlate with metacognitive self-awareness (SA) in severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) outpatients and to assess the influence of the same variables on the sensory-motor, cognitive, and behavioral-affective indicators of SA. This cross-sectional observational study evaluated 37 outpatients from May 2006 to June 2007 in a neurorehabilitation hospital on the basis of the following inclusion criteria: (1) age ≥ 15 years; (2) diagnosis of severe TBI (Glasgow Coma Scale, GCS ≤ 8); (3) posttraumatic amnesia (PTA) resolution; (4) capacity to undergo formal psychometric eval…
Dissociation of emotional processes in response to visual and olfactory stimuli following frontotemporal damage.
2005
Contemporary neuropsychological studies have stressed the widely distributed and multicomponential nature of human affective processes. Here, we examined facial electromyographic (EMG) (zygomaticus and corrugator muscle activity), autonomic (skin conductance and heart rate) and subjective measures of affective valence and arousal in patient TG, a 30 year-old man with left anterior mediotemporal and left orbitofrontal lesions resulting from a traumatic brain injury. Both TG and a normal control group were exposed to hedonically valenced visual and olfactory stimuli. In contrast with control subjects, facial EMG and electrodermal activity in TG did not differentiate among pleasant, unpleasant…
Cerebral abscesses imaging: A practical approach
2020
Abstract: Brain abscesses (BAs) are focal infections of the central nervous system (CNS) that start as a localised area of weakening of the brain parenchyma (cerebritis) and develops into a collection of pus surrounded by a capsule. Pyogenic (bacterial) BAs represent the majority of all BAs; in some cases, the diagnostic and therapeutic management can be challenging. Imaging has a primary role in differentiating BAs from other lesions. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) is essential for the identification of the lesion, its localisation and its morphological features. However, cMRI does not allow to reliably differentiate BAs from other intracranial mass lesions such as necrotic…
Associations between intracranial pressure, intraocular pressure and mean arterial pressure in patients with traumatic and non-traumatic brain injuri…
2008
Introduction: Anatomical proximity of the eye and the intracranial space is a fact but the existence of physiological and pathophysiological relationships between them is elusive. The objective of this study was to explore anatomical and pathophysiological interactions between the eye and the intracranial space and to assess clinical utility of intraocular pressure measurement in estimation of intracranial pressure in patients with brain injuries and to discover how haemodynamic instability could influence these interactions. Controversy surrounds the recent literature concerning this problem and the consensus has not been achieved. Materials and methods: We evaluated the correlation betwee…
Perinatal cerebral insults alter auditory event-related potentials.
2011
Background: Auditory event-related potentials (AERPs) can be used as indices of neural information processing. Altered AERPs have been reported in children and young adults with frontal lobe infarction. Aim: To test the hypothesis that perinatal brain injury affects cortical auditory processing. Methods: We assessed AERPs at term. 6 and 12 months of age in preterm infants [n = 9. median gestational age (GA) 27.9, range 23.9-30.0 wk], term infants with perinatal intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) [n = 5, GA 40.3, range 37.4-42.3 wk], and term infants with perinatal asphyxia In [n = 4. GA 39.4. range 37.9-40.3 wk]. Healthy preterm (n = 16) and term infants (n = 22) served as controls. A harmonic …
Discovery of an epidermoid of the skull concomitant with a homolateral subacute traumatic subdural hematoma
1979
The case of a man of 32 years with an epidermoid of the left side of the skull is reported. The tumor itself was asymptomatic and was discovered accidentally because of a subdural hematoma on the same side. After a closed head injury, this patient had symptoms of an intracranial space occupying lesion (hematoma) on the left after a symptom-free interval. The left carotid angiogram demonstrated the characteristic picture of a subdural hematoma in the left parieto-temporo-occipital region. At the same time, characteristic changes in the skull on the same side, which were more apparent after removal of the hematoma, suggested an epidermal tumour of the skull. This was verified at operation.
Trismus resulting from central nervous system lesion.
1976
Three cases of unusual trismus are reported, occurring in patients with lesions of the central nervous system. On the basis of the clinical and electromyographical findings and observation of the course of the trismus this is interpreted as a symptom of a lesion of the brain stem, causing a dis-synergism of the masticatory muscles.
Upper and lower face apraxia: role of the right hemisphere.
2000
The aim of this study was to evaluate face apraxia in left- and right-hemisphere-damaged patients both in the acute and chronic stage of their disease. Two newly devised tests that assess movements of the upper and lower face districts were employed. On the whole, the proportion of left-hemisphere-damaged patients showing face apraxia were 46 and 68% for upper and lower face, respectively. A substantial proportion of right-hemisphere-damaged patients also showed face apraxia, i.e. 44% upper face and 38% lower face. Concomitant variables such as general severity, locus of lesion, language or visuo-spatial impairments, presence of neglect, interval from stroke, peculiarity of clusters of item…