Search results for "brain"

Mapping and quantification of cryptochrome expression in the brain of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum.

2021

Aphids are paradigmatic photoperiodic animals often used to study the role of the circadian clock in the seasonal response. Previously, we described some elements of the circadian clock core (genes period and timeless) and output (melatonin, AANATs and PTTH) that could have a role in the regulation of the aphid seasonal response. More recently we identified two opsins (C-ops and SWO4) as candidate input photoperiodic receptors. In the present report, we focus on the study of cryptochromes (cry) as photoreceptors of the circadian clock and discuss their involvement in the seasonal response. We analyze the expression of cry1 and cry2 genes in a circadian and seasonal context, and map their ex…

Expression of neurotrophins, GDNF, and their receptors in rat thyroid tissue

1999

Levels of mRNA for neurotrophins (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF; neurotrophin 3, NT-3; neurotrophin 4, NT-4) and their receptors (trkA, trkB, trkC) and for glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and its receptors (ret, GDNFR-alpha) were measured in rat thyroid tissue by ribonuclease protection assays. In thyroid tissue the NT-3 mRNA level was threefold lower and the NT-4 mRNA level sixfold higher than those detected in adult rat hippocampus, while BDNF mRNA was undetectable. Very low levels of mRNA for truncated trkB and trkC receptors and no catalytic trkA, trkB or trkC were found. In conclusion NT-3 and NT-4, but not the corresponding functional receptors, are expres…

Transgenic overexpression of corticotropin releasing hormone provides partial protection against neurodegeneration in an in vivo model of acute excit…

2008

Abstract Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) is the central modulator of the mammalian hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. In addition, CRH affects other processes in the brain including learning, memory, and synaptic plasticity. Moreover, CRH has been shown to play a role in nerve cell survival under apoptotic conditions and to serve as an endogenous neuroprotectant in vitro . Employing mice overexpressing murine CRH in the CNS, we observed a differential response of CRH-overexpressing mice (CRH-COE hom -Nes) to acute excitotoxic stress induced by kainate compared with controls (CRH-COE con -Nes). Interestingly, CRH-overexpression reduced the duration of epileptic seizures and pre…

2013

Following traumatic brain injury (TBI) neuroinflammatory processes promote neuronal cell loss. Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) is a neuropeptide with immunomodulatory properties, which may offer neuroprotection. Due to short half-life and pigmentary side-effects of α-MSH, the C-terminal tripeptide α-MSH(11–13) may be an anti-inflammatory alternative. The present study investigated the mRNA concentrations of the precursor hormone proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and of melanocortin receptors 1 and 4 (MC1R/MC4R) in naive mice and 15 min, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after controlled cortical impact (CCI). Regulation of POMC and MC4R expression did not change after trauma, while MC1R levels incr…

Cilium induction triggers differentiation of glioma stem cells.

2020

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) possesses glioma stem cells (GSCs) that promote self-renewal, tumor propagation, and relapse. Understanding the mechanisms of GSCs self-renewal can offer targeted therapeutic interventions. However, insufficient knowledge of GSCs' fundamental biology is a significant bottleneck hindering these efforts. Here, we show that patient-derived GSCs recruit elevated levels of proteins that ensure the temporal cilium disassembly, leading to suppressed ciliogenesis. Depleting the cilia disassembly complex components is sufficient to induce ciliogenesis in a subset of GSCs via relocating platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha (PDGFR-α) to a newly induced cilium. Im…

Epileptiform activity in the acute phase of stroke predicts the outcomes in patients without seizures

2023

Background and purposeThe abnormalities in EEG of stroke-patients increase the risk of epilepsy but their significancy for poststroke outcome is unclear. This presented study was aimed at determining the prevalence and nature of changes in EEG recordings from the stroke hemisphere and from the contralateral hemisphere. Another objective was to determine the significance of abnormalities in EEG in the first days of stroke for the post-stroke functional status on the acute and chronic phase of disease.MethodsIn all qualified stroke-patients, EEG was performed during the first 3 days of hospitalization and at discharge. The correlation between EEG abnormalities both in the stroke hemisphere an…

Effects of physical activity, specific exercise and traumatic brain injury on motor abilities : theoretical and pragmatic assessment

2010

EXTRACELLULAR FACTORS INVOLVED IN THE INDUCTION OF BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER (BBB)

2005

SHEDDING OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES FROM BRAIN CELLS

2006

Feasibility in routine clinical setting of combined resting-state fMRI and DTI-tractography for surgical planning of brain tumors

2020

Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References