Search results for "brain"

Brain Monitoring Via an Innovative CW-FNIRS System

2015

Functional Near InfraRed Spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an imaging technique mainly devoted to human brain monitoring. It is used as a non-invasive technique, in medical field, in order to measure the oxygen concentration of blood. This because the relatively good transparency of biological materials in the near infrared allows sufficient photon transmission through tissues. Within the so-called fNIRS range (650-900 nm), the main absorbers are blood chromophores, in particular the oxygenated and deoxygenated haemoglobin (HbO2 and Hb, respectively). When two or more wavelengths are used, changes of such chromophores can be computed by employing the modified Beer-Lambert law, thus providing importan…

Chronic neural probe for simultaneous recording of single-unit, multi-unit, and local field potential activity from multiple brain sites

2017

Drug resistant focal epilepsy can be treated by resecting the epileptic focus requiring a precise focus localisation using stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) probes. As commercial SEEG probes offer only a limited spatial resolution, probes of higher channel count and design freedom enabling the incorporation of macro and microelectrodes would help increasing spatial resolution and thus open new perspectives for investigating mechanisms underlying focal epilepsy and its treatment. This work describes a new fabrication process for SEEG probes with materials and dimensions similar to clinical probes enabling recording single neuron activity at high spatial resolution.Polyimide is used as a bi…

EXTRA VIRGIN OLIVE OIL IMPROVES LEARNING AND MEMORY IN SAMP8 MICE

2011

Abstract. Polyphenols are potent antioxidants found in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO); antioxidants have been shown to reverse age- and disease-related learning and memory deficits. We examined the effects of EVOO on learning and memory in SAMP8 mice, an age-related learning/memory impairment model associated with increased amyloid- protein and brain oxidative damage. We administered EVOO, coconut oil, or butter to 11 month old SAMP8 mice for 6 weeks. Mice were tested in T-maze foot shock avoidance and one-trial novel object recognition with a 24 h delay. Mice which received EVOO had improved acquisition in the T-maze and spent more time with the novel object in one-trial novel object recogni…

Relationship between physical activity, fitness and brain morphology in youth

2017

Yhä useammat tutkimukset ovat havainneet yhteyden fyysisen aktiivisuuden, fyysisen kunnon ja kognitiivisten kykyjen välillä, mutta tätä yhteyttä selittävät tekijät ja siihen liittyvät muutokset aivojen rakenteissa ovat vielä varsin epäselviä. Tässä tutkimuksessa oli tarkoitus selvittää, onko fyysisellä aktiivisuudella tai fyysisellä kunnolla yhteyttä aivojen rakenteeseen nuorilla. Tutkimuksen koehenkilöt olivat 35 suomalaista nuorta (14.14 ±0.71 vuotta, 23 tyttöä & 12 poikaa), otanta laajemmasta AFIS (Active, Fit and Smart) -tutkimusprojektista. Tutkimuksessa mitattiin fyysistä aktiivisuutta objektiivisilla kiihtyvyysanturimittareilla, fyysistä kuntoa lasten ja nuorten mittaamiseen tarkoite…

Premorbid Personality Traits as Risk Factors for Behavioral Addictions: A Systematic Review of a Vulnerability Hypothesis

2023

The debate on personality structure and behavioral addictions is an outstanding issue. According to some authors, behavioral addictions could arise from a premorbid personality, while for others, it could result from a pathological use of technological tools. The current study aims to investigate whether, in the latest literature, personality traits have been identified as predictors of behavioral addictions. A literature search was conducted under the PRISMA methodology, considering the most relevant studies of the five-factor model from the past 10 years. Overall, most studies on addiction, personality traits, and personality genetics proved that behavioral addiction may be an epiphenomen…

Projections from the medial cortex in the brain of lizards: correlation of anterograde and retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase with Timm s…

1988

Efferent projections of the medial cortex of the lizards Podarcis hispanica and Gallotia stehlinii were studied by examining the transport of horseradish peroxidase; results were correlated with those from Timm-stained sections. Two efferent systems were found. The first reaches the distal part of the outer plexiform layer in the medial, dorsomedial, and dorsal cortices, i.e., zones that are negative to Timm staining, and possibly originates from horizontal fusiform neurons. The second reaches the Timm-positive zones in the cortex and septum and is topographically arranged: the vertical portion of the intermediate and caudal medial cortex and the entire rostral medial cortex project to the …

O047. The sound-induced flash illusions reveal visual cortex hyperexcitability in cluster headache

2015

Objectives Pathophysiology of cluster headache (CH) is not wellknown. Although posterior hypothalamus has been suggested to play a pivotal role, evidence exists of a more diffuse involvement of the central nervous system including brainstem and cerebral cortex. In this regard, we recently observed increased motor cortical excitability in episodic CH patients both outside and inside bout [1]. The sound-induced flash illusions (SIFI) represent an example of multisensory integration, and provide a tool to indirectly explore the excitability state of the visual cortex [2]. SIFI are classified as “fission” and “fusion” illusions. When one visual stimulus (flash) is accompanied by two or more aud…

2017

Prismatic adaption (PA) has been proposed as a tool to induce neural plasticity and is used to help neglect rehabilitation. It leads to a recalibration of visuomotor coordination during pointing as well as to aftereffects on a number of sensorimotor and attention tasks, but whether these effects originate at a motor or attentional level remains a matter of debate. Our aim was to further characterize PA aftereffects by using an approach that allows distinguishing between effects on attentional and motor processes. We recorded EEG in healthy human participants (9 females and 7 males) while performing a new double step, anticipatory attention/motor preparation paradigm before and after adaptat…

The Forebrain of the Blind Cave Fish <i>Astyanax hubbsi </i>(Characidae)

1997

This paper presents a survey of the cell groups in the telencephalon of the teleost Astyanax hubbsi, based on series of transverse sections stained with the Nissl-, Kluver-Barrera and Bodian procedure

230Th/U dating of Last Interglacial brain corals from Bonaire (southern Caribbean) using bulk and theca wall material

2016

Abstract We compared the suitability of two skeletal materials of the Atlantic brain coral Diploria strigosa for 230Th/U-dating: the commonly used bulk material comprising all skeletal elements and the denser theca wall material. Eight fossil corals of presumably Last Interglacial age from Bonaire, southern Caribbean Sea, were investigated, and several sub-samples were dated from each coral. For four corals, both the ages and the activity ratios of the bulk material and theca wall agree within uncertainty. Three corals show significantly older ages for their bulk material than for their theca wall material as well as substantially elevated 232Th content and (230Th/238U) ratios. The bulk mat…