Search results for "brain"

Technique and value of gas and pantopaque cisternography in the diagnosis of cerebello-pontine angle tumours

1971

The techniques of gas and Pantopaque cisternography are described, as well as the various advantages and disadventages of these methods. Patients without neurological signs in whom a small tumour is suspected in the region of the cerebellopontine angle should be examined with Pantopaque. The examination can be carried out as an outpatient procedure. If definite neurological signs are present, gas cisternography is preferable in order to demonstrate secondary displacements of the ventricular system as well as the tumour itself.

Intracerebral Abscess Caused by Actinomyces israelii

2020

We describe a case of 49-years old female with a medical history of penicillin allergy, who suffered from brain infection caused by Actinomyces israelii. Therefore, the available therapy was metronidazole, ceftriaxone, and chloramphenicol. Due to a deterioration of the general and neurological condition of the patient, it was decided to perform a scratch skin test on penicillin, which was negative. After that, penicillin was administrated parenterally. The patient showed no hypersensitive reaction. Improvement was achieved. The patient underwent three subsequent surgeries due to primary and recurrent brain abscesses. There was a distinct improvement in her clinical status. Two months after …

CT and MR Imaging of Non-neoplastic Intracranial Masses

1989

Many intracranial mass lesions of non-neoplastic origin present CT and MR features similar or identical to those of true neoplasms. In many cases a definitive diagnosis cannot be made from imaging findings alone, and misinterpretation is possible even when the history and clinical findings are considered. Yet an accurate preoperative diagnosis is an essential prerequisite for selecting candidates for a neurosurgical operation and planning the procedure. In some cases the full range of neuroradiologic techniques may have to be applied and evaluated in the context of clinical findings before the physician can accurately classify the disease and draw appropriate therapeutic conclusions.

The use of normothermic machine perfusion to rescue liver allografts from expanded criteria donors

2021

The use of expanded criteria donors is one of the strategies used to overcome the gap between the demand for organs and the number of donors. Physicians debate the extent to which marginal grafts can be used. In recent years, normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) has been used to test liver viability before transplantation. Grafts underwent NMP whenever histological steatosis was > 40% or there were at least three Eurotransplant criteria for expanded criteria donor (ECD). We used NMP to test 19 grafts, 3 from donation after type 3 controlled cardiac death (DCD), and 16 from donation after brain death (DBD). Only two grafts from DBD were not transplanted, because perfusion proved they were…

Low Serum Choline Concentrations Are Associated with Worse Cognitive Performance in Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome

2020

OBJECTIVES: Choline is an essential nutrient critical for components of the cell membrane, such as choline-containing phospholipids (phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin), and in synthesis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Choline has been shown to exert neuroprotective effects, but the association between serum choline and cognitive performance has been scarcely investigated. Our aims are: 1) To study the association between serum total choline, phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin with cognitive performance in subjects with metabolic syndrome; and 2) to analyze genetic variants and dietary intake most associated with cholines in this population. METHODS: We analyzed 426 subjects (a…

Regulation of NT Receptors after Chronic Treatment with Typical and Atypical Neuroleptic Drugs

1991

Neurotensin is a tridecapeptide, which produces central effects such as hypotension, hypothermia, muscle relaxation, analgesia, antinociception, and reduces locomotor activity (Nemeroff et al., 1977). In the recent years, several lines of evidences indicated the great importance of the dopamine (DA)- neurotensin (NT) interaction taking place mostly in the mesolimbocortical areas, both at cell bodies (A10 DA-ergic group located in the ventral tegmental area -VTA-) and nerve terminal level (cerebral cortex, n. accumbens, olfactory tubercle, ventral n. caudato-putamen) (Quirion, 1983; Nemeroff, et al., 1984; Nemeroff, 1986). Immunocytochemical data indicated the presence of NT-like immunoreact…

New Viewpoint in Exaggerated Increase of PtiO2 With Normobaric Hyperoxygenation and Reasons to Limit Oxygen Use in Neurotrauma Patients

2018

Restoring Neurological Physiology: The Innovative Role of High-Energy MR-Guided Focused Ultrasound (HIMRgFUS). Preliminary Data from a New Method of …

2017

Background Tremor is a disabling condition, common to several neurodegenerative diseases. Lesioning procedures and deep brain stimulation, respectively, of the ventralis intermedius nucleus for intentional tremor, and of the subthalamic nucleus for parkinsonian resting tremor, have been introduced in clinical practice for patients refractory to medical treatment. The combination of high-energy focused ultra-sound (HIFUS) with sophisticated magnetic resonance (MR) instrumentation, together with accurate knowledge of the stereotactic brain coordinates, represents a revolution in neuromodulation. Methods At the Neurosurgical Clinic and the Radiology Department of the University of Palermo,, tw…

Advanced technologies for detecting tremor in Parkinson's disease.

2019

Objective Accurate and reliable detection of tremor onset in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is critical to the success of adaptive deep brain stimulation (aDBS) therapy. Here, we investigated the potential use of feature engineering and machine learning methods for more accurate detection of rest tremor in PD. Methods We analyzed the local field potential (LFP) recordings from the subthalamic nucleus region in 12 patients with PD (16 recordings). To explore the optimal biomarkers and the best performing classifier, the performance of state-of-the-art machine learning (ML) algorithms and various features of the subthalamic LFPs were compared. We further used a Kalman filtering technique in feature…

Neuroanatomical changes in early Parkinson’s disease with mild cognitive impairment: a VBM study; the Parkinson’s Disease Cognitive Impairment Study …

2021

Introduction: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is common in Parkinson’s disease (PD), but the underlying pathological mechanism has not been fully understood. Voxel-based morphometry could be used to evaluate regional atrophy and its relationship with cognitive performances in early PD-MCI. Patients and Methods: One hundred and six patients with PD were recruited from a larger cohort of patients, the Parkinson’s Disease Cognitive Impairment Study (PaCoS). Subject underwent a T1-3D MRI and a complete clinical and neuropsychological evaluation. Patients were divided into PD with normal cognition (PD-NC) and PD-MCI according to the MDS level II criteria–modified for PD-MCI. A subgroup of early …