Search results for "breath"
showing 10 items of 528 documents
Real time analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in centenarians.
2014
Centenarians are a model to study human longevity and the physiological process of aging. A plethora of studies on this model show the complexity of the system. Laboratory studies fail to find a biomarker of senescence. The real time exhaled breath volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has been suggested as a new biomarker to detect and monitor physiological processes in the respiratory system. VOCs exhaled by centenarians have not been studied in the general population and across-age-groups. In the present study we investigated, in real time, the breath properties and VOC exhaled content in healthy centenarians as compared with non-centenarian seniors and young healthy subjects. We found disti…
ERS clinical practice guidelines:high-flow nasal cannula in acute respiratory failure
2022
BackgroundHigh-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) has become a frequently used noninvasive form of respiratory support in acute settings; however, evidence supporting its use has only recently emerged. These guidelines provide evidence-based recommendations for the use of HFNC alongside other noninvasive forms of respiratory support in adults with acute respiratory failure (ARF).Materials and methodologyThe European Respiratory Society task force panel included expert clinicians and methodologists in pulmonology and intensive care medicine. The task force used the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) methods to summarise evidence and develop clinical recommendat…
Analysis of atelectasis, ventilated, and hyperinflated lung during mechanical ventilation by dynamic CT.
2005
Study objective: To study the dynamics of lung compartments by dynamic CT (dCT) imaging during uninterrupted pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV) and different positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) settings in healthy and damaged lungs. Design: Experimental animal investigation. Setting: Experimental animal facility of a university department. Interventions: In seven anesthetized pigs, static inspiratory pressure volume curves were obtained to identify the individual lower inflection point (LIP) before and after saline solution lung lavage. During PCV, PEEP was adjusted 5 millibars (mbar) below the individually determined LIP (LIP - 5), at the LIP, and 5 mbar above the LIP (LIP + 5). Mea…
Twenty-year follow-up of children with obstructive sleep apnea.
2022
STUDY OBJECTIVES: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children is associated with acute metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurocognitive abnormalities. The long-term outcomes of childhood OSA into adulthood have not been established. We performed a 20-year follow-up of patients with polysomnography-documented OSA in childhood compared to a healthy control group to evaluate the long-term anthropometric, sleep, cognitive, and cardiovascular outcomes. METHODS: Children diagnosed with severe OSA between ages 1 and 17 years (mean, 4.87 ± 2.77) were prospectively contacted by telephone as young adults after approximately 20 years. Data collected included reported anthropometric information, educational…
New modes in non-invasive ventilation
2016
IF 2.536; International audience; Non-invasive ventilation is useful to treat some forms of respiratory failure. Hence, the number of patients receiving this treatment is steadily increasing. Considerable conceptual and technical progress has been made in recent years by manufacturers concerning this technique. This includes new features committed to improve its effectiveness as well as patient-ventilator interactions. The goal of this review is to deal with latest advances in ventilatory modes and features available for non-invasive ventilation. We present a comprehensive analysis of new modes of ventilator assistance committed to treat respiratory failure (hybrid modes) and central and co…
Towards the determination of isoprene in human breath using substrate-integrated hollow waveguide mid-infrared sensors
2014
Selected volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in breath may be considered biomarkers if they are indicative of distinct diseases or disease states. Given the inherent molecular selectivity of vibrational spectroscopy, infrared sensing technologies appear ideally suitable for the determination of endogenous VOCs in breath. The aim of this study was to determine that mid-infrared (MIR; 3-20 µm) gas phase sensing is capable of determining isoprene in exhaled breath as an exemplary medically relevant VOC by hyphenating novel substrate-integrated hollow waveguides (iHWG) with a likewise miniaturized preconcentration system. A compact preconcentrator column for sampling isoprene from exhaled breath …
Efficacy of Mechanical Insufflation-Exsufflation in Medically Stable Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
2004
Objective: To determine under what circumstances the use of mechanical insufflation-exsufflation (MI-E) can generate clinically effective expiratory flows for airway clearance (> 2.7 L/s) for clinically stable patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Materials and method: Twenty-six consecutive patients with ALS were studied, 15 with severe bulbar dysfunction. Using a pneumotachograph and with the aid of an oronasal mask, we measured FVC, FEV1, peak cough flow (PCF), maximum insufflation capacity (MIC), PCF generated from a maximum insufflation MIC (PCFMIC), and PCF generated by MI-E (PCFMI-E). MI-E was delivered at 40 cm H2O. Maximum inspiratory pressure (PImax) and maximum expir…
Importance of noninvasively measured respiratory muscle overload among the causes of hospital readmission of COPD patients.
2008
To evaluate the influence of respiratory muscle overload and right cardiac overload among the possible risk factors of hospital readmission in a 1-year follow-up of a cohort of patients with moderate-to-severe COPD.A total of 112 COPD patients who were admitted consecutively to the hospital for acute exacerbation. At hospital discharge, we evaluated the conventional clinical and functional determinations in addition to the pressure-time index (PTI), which is obtained using the equation PTI = (Pawo/Pimax) x (Ti/Ttot) x 100, where Pawo represents the mean airway pressure measured at the mouth during spontaneous breathing, Pimax is the maximal inspiratory pressure, Ti is the inspiratory time, …
Detection of lung cancer with electronic nose and logistic regression analysis.
2018
Lung cancer is a very common malignancy with a low five-year survival rate. Artificial olfactory sensor (electronic nose) is a tool that recently has been studied as a probable optimal screening tool for early detection of lung cancer, but still no statistical method has been put forward as the preferable one. The aim of the study was to explore the use of logistic regression analysis (LRA) to analyse patients' exhaled breath samples with electronic nose in order to differentiate lung cancer patients (regardless of the stage of the cancer) from patients with other lung diseases and healthy individuals. Patients with histologically or cytologically verified, untreated lung cancer, patients w…
Analysis of the effects of microbiome-related confounding factors on the reproducibility of the volatolomic test.
2016
Volatile organic compound (VOC) testing in breath has potential in gastric cancer (GC) detection. Our objective was to assess the reproducibility of VOCs in GC, and the effects of conditions modifying gut microbiome on the test results. Ten patients with GC were sampled for VOC over three consecutive days; 17 patients were sampled before and after H. pylori eradication therapy combined with a yeast probiotic; 61 patients were sampled before and after bowel cleansing (interventions affecting the microbiome). The samples were analyzed by: (1) gas chromatography linked to mass spectrometry (GC-MS), applying the non-parametric Wilcoxon test (level of significance p 0.05); (2) by cross-reacti…