Search results for "breathing"

2017

T1 maps have been shown to yield useful diagnostic information on lung function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma, both for native T1 and ΔT1, the relative reduction while breathing pure oxygen. As parameter quantification is particularly interesting for longitudinal studies, the purpose of this work was both to examine the reproducibility of lung T1 mapping and to compare T1 found in COPD and asthma patients using IRSnapShotFLASH embedded in a full MRI protocol. 12 asthma and 12 COPD patients (site 1) and further 15 COPD patients (site 2) were examined on two consecutive days. In each patient, T1 maps were acquired in 8 single breath-hold slices, brea…

Hypoxemia during Sleep

1988

In most normal subjects arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation (SaO2) remains substantially stable throughout all sleep time: some exceptions however, may be observed especially in elderly subjects, who may show desaturations, sometimes associated with apneas (Block et al., 1979; Krieger et al., 1983; Catterall et al., 1985). Conversely, SaO2 drops during part of, or even the whole sleep time, are a common finding in pathological conditions like obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Depressive symptoms and childhood sleep apnea syndrome

2012

Marco Carotenuto,1 Maria Esposito,1 Lucia Parisi,2 Beatrice Gallai,3 Rosa Marotta,4 Antonio Pascotto,1 Michele Roccella21Sleep Clinic for Developmental Age, Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy; 2Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; 3Unit of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, University of Perugia, Perugia, 4Department of Psychiatry, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, ItalyBackground: The relationship between sleep and mood regulation is well known, and some reports suggest a key role of sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBD) in the development of …

Human corticotropin-releasing hormone and thyrotropin-releasing hormone modulate the hypercapnic ventilatory response in humans

1996

Human corticotropin-releasing hormone (hCRH) and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) are known to stimulate ventilation after i.v. administration in humans. In a placebo-controlled, single-blind study we aimed to clarify if both peptides act by altering central chemosensitivity. Two subsequent CO2-rebreathing tests were performed in healthy young volunteers. During the first test 0.9% NaCl was given i.v.; during the second test 200 micrograms of hCRH (n = 12) or 400 micrograms of TRH (n = 6) was administered i.v. Nine subjects received 0.9% NaCl i.v. during both rebreathing manoeuvres. The CO2-response curves for the two tests were compared within the same subject. In the hCRH group a marke…

Successful tracheal occlusion using ultrathin fetoscopic equipment combined with real-time three-dimensional ultrasound.

2008

<i>Objective:</i> The most common complication of intrauterine tracheal balloon occlusion is the preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) which increases the rate of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Ultrathin fetoscopy may be a method of reducing the risk of PPROM. <i>Materials and Methods:</i> The operation was performed at the 27th week of gestation after sedation and relaxation of a fetus with bilateral congenital diaphragmatic hernia and with the liver lifted upwards into the thorax. An ultrathin sheath with a 1.2-mm fetoscope was used under real-time 3-D ultrasound guidance. The patient delivered in the 38th week of gestation and did not display PPROM aft…

Inspiratory muscle training combined with pursed lip technique in women with chronic osbtructive pulmonary disease: a case study.

2020

Objective. To improve pulmonary function, exercise capacity and quality of life of two women with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Material and Methods. Study of two clinical cases, both women. An intervention of 8 weeks was performed, in which the patients performed 3 weekly sessions, of which 1 was performed with supervision of the physiotherapist and 2 sessions were performed at home. The treatment sessions consisted of inspiratory muscle training with an inspiratory threshold and controlled breathing exercises with the pursed lip technique. Results. Quality of life of both women improved at the end of the study. In the woman with severe COPD, Maximal Inspiratory Pressure (M…

Topical Airway Anesthesia for Awake-endoscopic Intubation Using the Spray-as-you-go Technique with High Oxygen Flow

2017

A patient's willingness to cooperate is an absolute precondition for successful awake intubation of the trachea. Whilst drug-sedation of patients can jeopardize their spontaneous breathing, topical anesthesia of the airway is a popular technique. The spray-as-you-go technique represents one of the simplest opportunities to anesthetize the airway mucosa. The application of local anesthetic through the working channel of the flexible endoscope is a widespread practice for anesthetists as well as pulmonologists. There is neither need for additional devices nor special training as a pre-requisite to perform this technique. However, a known clinical problem is the coughing and gagging reflex tha…

Therapy with non-invasive ventilation in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea: effects on atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype.

2009

Patients with obstructive sleep apnoea are at increased risk of atherosclerotic morbidity and mortality. Abnormalities in lipid metabolism that occur in response to chronic intermittent hypoxia in patients with sleep-disordered breathing may increase the cardiovascular risk in an already susceptible population. Atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype and small, dense LDL have an independent predictive role for future cardio- and cerebro-vascular events in patients with the metabolic syndrome. Therefore, testing the hypothesis that therapy of obstructive sleep apnoea may reduce atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype might have significant clinical implications. We suggest that abolition of obstructive …

Respiratory Mechanics and Gas Exchange in Thoracic Surgery: Changes in Classical Knowledge in Respiratory Physiology

2020

Respiratory mechanics describe the lung function through pressure and flow and the interplay between the two during the respiratory cycle. Derived indices are volume, compliance and resistance (Hess, Respir Care 59(11):1773–1794, 2014). Thoracic surgery in most cases requires the separation of the lungs in order to allow surgery of or near one lung and ventilation of the other lung, while the perfusion to the non-ventilated lung is continued. This has profound implications for the gas exchange and respiratory mechanics.

Physiologie und Pathophysiologie des respiratorischen Systems

2006

Positive pressure ventilation in children is associated with problems similar to those in the adults: development of atelectasis and barotrauma. During anesthesia atelectasis develop in up to 90% of patients, requiring the use of higher inspiratory pressure to recruit the collapsed lung regions. Especially in the preterm, newborn and younger infants, prolonged ventilation disturbs the anatomical structure of the soft and vulnerable immature airways and their subsequent growth and development, leading to tracheomegaly, tracheal collapse, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia and predisposing to bronchial obstruction. On the basis of pathophysiologic knowledge and studies of ventilation in children,…